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Confirmation Theory
Article by Michael Huemer defending inductive inference against Hume's argument by appeal to `inference to the best explanation', contrasting his approach to those of Goodman and Hempel.
http://home.sprynet.com/~owl1/confirma.htm
Presuppositions and the Paradoxes of Confirmation
Discussion by Michael Beaney in Disputatio of a paradox of confirmation due to Mark Sainsbury.
http://www.disputatio.com/articles/006-3.p...
The Problem of Induction
Essay by Karl Popper, arguing that there is no such thing as inductive inference.
http://dieoff.org/page126.htm
Conjectures
PhD thesis of Peter Flach, investigating the `logic of induction' from philosophical and machine-learning perspectives.
http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/~flach/Conjecture...
Mathematical Induction
Lecture notes by Peter Suber, explaining the difference between inductive inference and mathematical induction (which is a species of deductive inference).
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/log...
A Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Induction
Article by Olaf Diettrich which appeared in Evolution and Cognition in 1995.
http://www.vub.ac.be/CLEA/people/diettrich...
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