Lukol Directory: Society: Religion and Spirituality: Christianity: Denominations: Catholicism: Reference: Catholic Encyclopedia: A

Altamura and Acquaviva An exempt archipresbyterate in the province of Bari, in southern Italy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01345b.htm Agnosticism A philosophical theory of the limitations of knowledge, professing doubt of or disbelief in some or all of the powers of knowing possessed by the human mind. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01215c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope St. Anacletus Pope St. Anacletus, third pope, a martyr, d. about 91. "Whether he was the same as Cletus, who is also called Anencletus as well as Anacletus, has been the subject of endless discussion." http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01446a.htm Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Saint A Doctor of Medicine, founder of the Barnabites, d. 1539. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01588a.htm Anise Anise has been, since Wyclif, the rendering of anethon in the English Versions, But this is not accurate. The exact equivalent of the plant anethon is dill, while anise corresponds to the pimpinella anisum. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01530b.htm Alma A Hebrew word signifying a "young woman", unmarried as well as married. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01326c.htm Antinomianism The heretical doctrine that Christians are exempt from the obligations of moral law. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01564b.htm Adelaide, Archdiocese of Centered in Adelaide, capital of South Australia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01140a.htm Altar Rail The railing which guards the sanctuary and separates the latter from the body of the church. Also called the communion-rail. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01356c.htm Avril, Philippe Jesuit, born at Angouleme, France, 16 September, 1654; died in a shipwreck in 1698. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02162b.htm Ajaccio, Diocese of Comprises the island of Corsica. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01238b.htm Adami da Bolsena, Andrea Italian musician. (1663-1742) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01135a.htm Anunciación, Fray Domingo de la Dominican missionary. (1510-1591) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01591a.htm Alvarez de Paz A famous mystic of the Society of Jesus. (1560-1620) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01374b.htm Amos Old Testament prophet. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01435a.htm Agapetus Fifth-century deacon of the church of Sancta Sophia at Constantinople, reputed tutor of Justinian. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01202b.htm Acclamation (in Papal Elections) One of the forms of papal election. Consists of all the cardinals present unanimously proclaiming one of the candidates Supreme Pontiff, without the formality of casting votes. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01099a.htm Arcadiopolis A titular see of Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01687c.htm Anabaptists A violent and extremely radical body of ecclesiastico-civil reformers which first made its appearance in 1521 at Zwickau. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01445b.htm Alcedo, Antonio de Soldier, born at Quito, Ecuador, 1755. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01272a.htm Addresses, Ecclesiastical Rules as to what is fitting and customary in the matter of ecclesiastical correspondence. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01137a.htm Adalbert Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen; born about 1000; died 1072. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01126c.htm Ahicam A high court official under Josias and his two sons, who protected Jeremias from the fury of the populace. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01232d.htm Acerenza Italian archdiocese. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01101a.htm Agnelli, Fra. Guglielmo Sculptor and architect. (1238-1313) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01212b.htm Ashton, John An early Jesuit missionary in Maryland; born in Ireland, 1742; died in Maryland, 1814, or 1815. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01776e.htm Arason Jón The last Catholic bishop of Iceland before the introduction of Protestantism. (1484-1550) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01678c.htm Altar, Portable Consists of a solid piece of natural stone which must be sufficiently hard to resist every fracture. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01348b.htm Acta Sanctae Sedis A publication containing the principal public documents issued by the Pope, directly or through the Roman Congregations. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01111c.htm Anselm of Laon Medieval theologian. (d. 1117) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01550b.htm Adventists A group of six American Protestant sects which hold in common a belief in the near return of Christ in person. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01166a.htm St. Agricius Bishop of Trier, early fourth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01230b.htm Ariassus A titular see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01711d.htm Antoniano, Silvio Cardinal, writer on education. (1540-1603) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01584d.htm Agnesi, Maria Gaetana An Italian woman of remarkable intellectual gifts and attainments. Member of the Blue Nuns in Milan. (1718-1799) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01214b.htm The Feast of the Assumption A scholarly article from the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02006b.htm Agabus Mentioned in Acts 11:28, and 21:10, as a prophet of the New Testament. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01200a.htm Aduarte, Diego Francisco Missionary and historian. (1566-1635) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01161d.htm Abelly, Louis Associate of St. Vincent de Paul. (1603-1691) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01039a.htm Accaron The most northern of the five principal Philistine cities. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01093b.htm Atkinson, Sarah Irish philanthropist and biographer. (1823-1893) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02051a.htm Adelaide, Saint Or Adelheid. The widow of Otho, she died in 999. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01140c.htm Apostolic Fathers, The Christian writers of the first and second centuries who are known, or are considered, to have had personal relations with some of the Apostles, or to have been so influenced by them that their writings may be held as echoes of genuine Apostolic teaching. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01637a.htm Alberic of Monte Cassino Benedictine, died 1088. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01259a.htm Allot, William English priest, died about 1590. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01326a.htm Ave Maris Stella The first verse of an unrhymed, accentual hymn, of seven stropes of four lines each, assigned in Roman Breviary to Vespers in the Common office, the Office of Saturdays, and the Little Office (as well as for Feasts) of the Blessed Virgin. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02149a.htm Aberdeen, The Diocese of A see founded in 1063 at Mortlach by Bl. Beyn. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01041c.htm Abraham (in Liturgy) Of all the names used, a special prominence accrues to those of Abel, Melchisedech, and Abraham. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01054a.htm Attrition Also called "imperfect contrition." Definition, its relation to sacramental penance, and moral considerations. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02065a.htm Adoro Te Devote A hymn sometimes styled Rhythmus, or Oratio, S. Thomæ (sc. Aquinatis) written c. 1260. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01154b.htm Adam, Nicholas French linguist and writer. (1716-1792) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01134e.htm Alaman, Lucas Mexican statesman and historian. (1792-1853) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01245b.htm Age, Canonical Fixed by the canons, or law of the Church, at which her subjects become capable of incurring certain obligations, enjoying special privileges, embracing special states of life, holding office or dignity, or receiving the sacraments. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01206c.htm Albert, Saint Cardinal, bishop of Liège, martyred in 1192 or 1193. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01261b.htm Analogy A philosophical term used to designate, first, a property of things; secondly, a process of reasoning. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01449a.htm Amico, Antonio Canon of Palermo, and ecclesiastical historian of Syracuse and Messina, (d. 1641). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01429a.htm Arch A structure composed of separate pieces, such as stone or bricks, having the shape of truncated wedges, arranged on a curved line so as to retain their position by mutual pressure. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01688a.htm Alexander Seven men with this name are described. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01285a.htm Ancilla Dei A title often given to a deceased woman in early Christian inscriptions. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01463b.htm St. Adamnan Also called Eunan. Irish-born abbot of Iona, St. Columba's biographer, d. 704. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01135c.htm Abyssinia Provides details on the geography, ethnology, political revolutions, as well as church information. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01075e.htm Angoulême Diocese; comprises the Department of the Charente in France, and has always been suffragan to the Archbishopric of Bordeaux, under the old régime as well as under the Concordat. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01513b.htm Apostolic Succession Article claims that Apostolic succession is found in the Catholic Church and not in others. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01641a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Augustine of Canterbury Biographical article on the monk who was the first Archbishop of Canterbury, called "Apostle of the English." http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02081a.htm Aldrovandi, Ulissi Italian naturalist. (1522-1607) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01281b.htm Avranches, Council of In 1172 (September 27-28) a Council was held at Avranches in France, apropos of the troubles caused in the English Church by the murder of St. Thomas Becket. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02162a.htm Acts of the Apostles The fifth book of the New Testament. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01117a.htm Agria An archiepiscopal see of Hungary, founded in 1009, and made an archdiocese in 1304, by Pius VII. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01230a.htm Angers Comprises the territory embraced in the department of Maine and Loire. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01489b.htm Adoptionism [Catholic Encyclopedia] The theory that the man Jesus at some point in time became the Son of God only by adoption. Strictly speaking, refers to an eighth-century Spanish heresy, but the term is also used to cover similar beliefs. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01150a.htm Alain de l'Isle Monk, poet, preacher, theologian, and eclectic philosopher. (1128-1203) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01244e.htm Abundius An Italian bishop, b. at Thessalonica early in the fifth century; d. 469. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01075b.htm Abbadie, Antoine d' Astronomer, geodetist, genographer, physician, numismatist, philologian. (1810-1897) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01006e.htm Ammen, Daniel American naval officer and author (1820-1898) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01430c.htm Allatius, Leo A learned Greek of the seventeenth century. (1586-1669) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01317b.htm Anselme, Antoine French preacher. (1652-1737) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01550e.htm Asperges The rite of sprinkling the congregation with holy water before the principal Mass on Sunday. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01793a.htm Anazarbus A titular metropolitan see of Cilicia (Lesser Armenia), suffragan of Antioch. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01461a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Anselm Long biographical article on St. Anselm, monk, abbot, philosopher, theologian, Archbishop of Canterbury, Doctor of the Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01546a.htm Altar Breads Bread is one of the two elements absolutely necessary for the sacrifice of the Eucharist. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01349d.htm Alexander VI, Pope Rodrigo Borgia, born at Xativa, near Valencia, in Spain, 1 January, 1431; died in Rome, 18 August, 1503. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01289a.htm Adelophagi Fourth-century sect mentioned by the anonymous author known as Praedestinatus. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01141c.htm Antiphon (in the Greek Church) Socrates, the church historian (Hist. Eccl., VI, viii), says that St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, the third in succession from St. Peter in that see, once had a vision of angels singing the praises of the Trinity in alternating hymns, and remembering the vision, gave this form of singing to the Church of Antioch. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01575c.htm Assur Three definitions. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02007b.htm Alsace-Lorraine The German Imperial Territory so known, and divided for State purposes into three civil districts. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01341c.htm Amat, Thaddeus Second Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles, California. (1810-1878) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01380e.htm Association, Right of Voluntary Any group of individuals freely united for the pursuit of a common end. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02001c.htm Aberle, Moritz von Catholic theologian. (1819-1875) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01042b.htm St. Anschar The Apostle of the North. Benedictine monk, missionary to Scandinavia, bishop of Hamburg, d. 865. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01544c.htm Acta Triadis Thaumaturgae The lives of St. Patrick, St. Brigid, and St. Columba; published at Louvain, in 1647, by John Colgan. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01111e.htm Anglican Orders In the creed of the Catholic Church, Holy Order is one of the Seven Sacraments instituted by Our Lord Jesus Christ. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01491a.htm Agazzari, Agostini A musical composer, born 2 December 1578, of a noble family of Sienna; died probably 10 April, 1640. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01206a.htm Annegarn, Joseph Catholic theologian and popular writer. (1794-1843) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01540b.htm Annates The first fruits, or first year's revenue of an ecclesiastical benefice paid to the Papal Curia (in medieval times to bishops also). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01537b.htm Abel Biblical place-name. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01036a.htm Academies, Roman Historical and bibliographical notes concerning the more important of these associations of learned men. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01083b.htm Alciati, Andrea Italian jurist. (1492-1550) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01273b.htm Albert of Brandenburg Cardinal and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire. (1490-1545) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01262a.htm Abba Aramaic word for father. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01006d.htm Almond, John English Cistercian and Confessor the Faith. (d. 1585) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01328c.htm Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02109a.htm Argentina A South American confederation of fourteen provinces, or States, united by a federal Constitution framed on the same lines as the Constitution of the United States of America. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01702d.htm Ambulatory A cloister, gallery, or alley; a sheltered place, straight or circular, for exercise in walking; the aisle that makes the circuit of the apse of a church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01406b.htm Ad Limina Apostolorum A pilgrimage to the sepulchres of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01128a.htm Altar Screen A cloth, on which images of Our Lord, of the Blessed Virgin, or of saints, are represented, may be suspended above the altar, unless such images are painted on the wall. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01356d.htm Alanus de Rupe, Blessed Dominican promoter of the Rosary. (1428-1475) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01246a.htm Andreas of Ratisbon Fourteenth-century historian. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01470b.htm Augustus The name by which Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus Christ was born, is usually known; born at Rome, 62 B.C.; died A.D. 14. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02107a.htm Arricivita, Juan A native of Mexico in the eighteenth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01753c.htm American College at Louvain, The An institution for the education of priests founded in 1857. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01424a.htm Aguas Calientes A Mexican see dependent on Guadalaxara; erected by Leo XIII. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01232b.htm Acadia Usually regarded as the small district on the south shore of the Bay of Fundy from Annapolis to the Basin of Minas. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01090a.htm Agrippa of Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius Described as a "knight, doctor, and by common reputation, a magician". http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01231c.htm Aubarède, Jean-Michel-d'Astorg Canon regular,and Vicar Capitular of Pamiers, born 1639; died 4 August, 1692. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02066b.htm Abstemii One who cannot take wine without risk of vomiting. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01066a.htm Anthropomorphism, Anthropomorphites A term used in its widest sense to signify the tendency of man to conceive the activities of the external world as the counterpart of his own. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01558c.htm Apocrisiarius Indicates in general the ecclesiastical envoys of Christian antiquity, whether permanent or sent temporarily on missions to high ecclesiastical authorities or royal courts. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01600a.htm St. Apollonia A virgin, possibly ordained (Bishop Dionysius of Alexandria calls her "parthenos presbytis"), martyr at Alexandria in late 248 or early 249. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01617c.htm Amalfi Archdiocese directly dependent on the Holy See, has its seat at Amalfi, not far from Naples. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01379a.htm Alphabet, Christian Use of the The Hebrew, Greek and Latin alphabets have been variously made use of in Christian liturgy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01333a.htm Abila A titular see of Phoenicia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01043b.htm Adultery The article considers adultery with reference only to morality. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01163a.htm Agrapha Term for alleged sayings of Jesus, found in ancient Christian writings, not included in the canonical Gospels. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01225c.htm Archives, Ecclesiastical A collection of documents, records, and memorials, pertaining to the origin, foundation, growth, history, and constitutions of a diocese, parish, monastery, or religious community under the jurisdiction of the Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01696a.htm St. Agnes of Rome Virgin, martyred at the age of 12 or 13, revered since at least the mid-fourth century. Article in the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01214a.htm Ariosto, Ludovico Son of Nicolo Ariosto, Governor of Reggio, and Daria Malaguzzi, born at Reggio in Emilia, 8 September, 1474; died at Ferrara, 6 June, 1533. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01712b.htm Angora Armenian rite diocese in Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01513a.htm St. Aileran Irishman, rector of the School of Clonard, distinguished scholar and author, d. 664. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01234c.htm Asti One of the divisions of the province of Alexandria, and suffragan of Turin. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02018b.htm Anselm of Lucca, the Younger, Saint Appointed bishop of Lucca by his uncle Anselm of Lucca the Elder (Pope Alexander II), then became a Benedictine monk, served as papal legate, and died in 1086. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01550d.htm Aubermont, Jean-Aontoine d' Theologian of Bois-le-Duc; died 22 November, 1686. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02066c.htm Andrea Dotti, Blessed Servite priest, miracle worker, d. 1315. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01469e.htm Adeodatus Son of St. Augustine. (372-388) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01141e.htm Anderson, Patrick A Scottish Jesuit. (1575-1624) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01467a.htm Anne Line, Saint A convert to Catholicism, hanged in 1601 for the (unproven) crime of harboring a priest. She is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09270b.htm Antiochene Liturgy The family of liturgies originally used in the Patriarchate of Antioch begins with that of the Apostolic Constitutions; then follow that of St. James in Greek, the Syrian Liturgy of St. James, and the other Syrian Anaphorus. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01571a.htm Alan of Tewkesbury Benedictine abbot and writer. (d. 1202) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01245d.htm Achonry Diocese in Ireland, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Tuam. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01102f.htm Aranda, Council of Spanish Council held in 1473. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01678a.htm Albi (Albia), Archdiocese of Comprises the Department of the Tarn. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01267a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Don Isaac Abrabanel Short review of his life and writings, by Romain Butin. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01050b.htm Apaches A tribe of North American Indians belonging linguistically to the Athapascan stock whose original habitat is believed to have been Northwestern Canada. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01592a.htm Andrew of Rhodes Theologian, d. 1440. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01474b.htm Almond, Oliver Sixteenth-century English priest and writer. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01328e.htm St. Andrew the Scot Brother of St. Bridget the Younger and archdeacon of Fiesole, d. about 877. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01474c.htm Alcalá, University of Had its inception in the thirteenth century, when Sancho IV, conceived the idea of founding a Studium Generale in Alcalá de Henares. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01271a.htm Apostolicum Pascendi Munus A Bull issued by Clement XIII, 12 January, 1765, in defense of the Society of Jesus against the attacks made upon it. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01649a.htm Pope St. Alexander I Article on this pope, who died in 115 or 116. According to a tradition dating to the fifth century, Alexander was martyred, but it is possible that he has been confused with another St. Alexander who was indeed a martyr. From the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01285c.htm Adrian III, Pope Saint Short article on this pope, a Roman, who died in 885. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01156b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Attracta Or Araght. Contemporary of St. Patrick, founder of a hospice and several churches. Feast day: 11 August. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02062d.htm St. Abban the Hermit An Irishman who lived at Abingdon, England, before St. Patrick's lifetime. Feast day: 13 May. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01007b.htm Alnoth, Saint English hermit and martyr, d. about 700. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01331a.htm Apollinarianism [Catholic Encyclopedia] Fourth-century Christological heresy propounded by Apollinaris of Laodicea. The theory that Jesus had a human body and soul, but that the Logos took the place of the human spirit or mind in Jesus. Solemnly condemned at the Council of Constantinople in 381. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01615b.htm Almeria A suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Granada in Spain. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01328a.htm Alabama The twenty-second state admitted into the union. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01240a.htm Alexander V Pietro Philarghi, born c. 1339, on the island of Crete (Candia), whence his appellation, Peter of Candia; elected 26 June, 1409; died at Bologna, 3 May, 1410. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01288a.htm Adam of St. Victor A prolific writer of Latin Hymns, born in the latter part of the twelfth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01134b.htm Anges, Notre Dame de A miraculous shrine near Lur, France, containing a crypt (Sainte Chapelle) which tradition dates back to an early period. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01490a.htm Annibale, Giuseppe d' Cardinal and theologian. (1815-1892)) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01540d.htm Allegri, Antonio Artist known as Correggio, the place of his birth. (1494-1534) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01318b.htm Alcoholism The term is understood to include all the changes that may occur in the human organism after the ingestion of any form of alcohol. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01274a.htm St. Arbogast In Gaelic, Arascach. Irish, traveled to the Continent and became a hermit, bishop of Strasburg, famous for miracles. He died in 678. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01686a.htm Aeons The term appropriated by Gnostic heresiarchs to designate the series of spiritual powers evolved by progressive emanation from the eternal Being. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01173c.htm Apostle Spoons A set of thirteen spoons, usually silver, the handles of which are adorned with representations of Our Lord (the Master spoon) and the twelve Apostles. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01626b.htm Acceptants Those Jansenists who accepted the Bull Unigenitus, issued in 1713 against the Jansenist doctrines. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01094c.htm Atom Primarily, the smallest particle of matter which can exist. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02051c.htm Aci-Reale, The Diocese of Located in Sicily; includes fourteen communes in the civil province of Catania, immediately subject to Rome. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01105a.htm Ambrosiaster The name given to the author of a commentary on all the Epistles of St. Paul, with the exception of that to the Hebrews. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01406a.htm Atrium An open place or court before a church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02059b.htm Ange de Sainte Rosalie French genealogist and friar of the house of the Petits-Pères of the Discalced Augustinians. (1655-1726) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01476c.htm African Liturgy In use not only in the old Roman province of Africa of which Carthage was the capital, but also in Numidia and Mauretania. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01194a.htm Arras Diocese comprising the Department of Pas-de-Calais in France. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01752c.htm Aviz, Order of Military body of Portuguese knights. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02161d.htm Amadia and Akra Designates two Catholic dioceses of the Chaldean Rite in Kurdistan, Turkey in Asia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01376a.htm Acquaviva, Claudius Fifth General of the Society of Jesus. (1543-1615) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01109c.htm Ammon The supreme divinity of the Egyptian pantheon. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01430d.htm Antioch Provides information on two places by this name. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01570a.htm Apostolicæ Servitutis A Bull issued by Benedict XIV, 23 February, 1741, against secular pursuits on the part of the clergy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01646a.htm Anagni An Italian diocese in the province of Rome under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01448a.htm Apostles' Creed A formula containing in brief statements, or "articles," the fundamental tenets of Christian belief, and having for its authors, according to tradition, the Twelve Apostles. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01629a.htm Averbode A Premonstratensian abbey belonging to the circary of Brabant and situated near Diest in the Archdiocese of Malines. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16005d.htm Assistant at the Pontifical Throne Those prelates who belong to the Papal Chapel and hold toward the Pope much the same relation as cathedral canons do to the bishop. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01802a.htm Andrew Bobola, Saint Polish Jesuit priest and missionary, martyred in 1657. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01472c.htm Armagh, The School of The School of Armagh seems to have been the oldest, and down to the time of the Anglo-Norman invasion continued to be one of the most celebrated, of the ancient schools of Ireland. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01734a.htm Anima Christi Well known prayer dating from the first half of the fourteenth century and enriched with indulgences by Pope John XXII in the year 1330. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01515a.htm Allen, John Archbishop of Dublin, canonist, and Chancellor of Ireland. (1476-1534) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01321b.htm Agony of Christ The word is used only once in Sacred Scripture (Luke, xxii, 43) to designate the anguish of Our Lord in the Garden of Gethsemani. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01224a.htm Ama A Semitic term meaning mother, adopted by the Copts and the Greeks as a title of honour applied to religious and ladies of high rank. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01375b.htm Apostolic Churches All the individual orthodox churches could, in a sense, be called Apostolic Churches, because they were in some more or less mediate connection with the Apostles. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01634a.htm St. Adalard Grandson of Charles Martel. Adalard was abbot of Corbie and Pepin's prime minister. He died in 827. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01126b.htm Abbeloos, Jean Baptiste Orientalist. (1836-1906) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01007d.htm Ave Regina An antiphon so called from its first line, Ave regina caelorum (Hail, Queen of Heaven). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02149b.htm Archbishop An archbishop or metropolitan, in the present sense of the term, is a bishop who governs a diocese strictly his own, while he presides at the same time over the bishops of a well-defined district composed of simple dioceses but not of provinces. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01691a.htm Ambrosians The Order of St. Ambrose was the name of two religious congregations, one of men and one of women, founded in the neighbourhood of Milan during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01403a.htm Apostleship of Prayer, The A pious association otherwise known as a league of prayer in union with the Heart of Jesus. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01633a.htm Affre, Denis Auguste Archbishop of Paris. (1793-1848) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01180a.htm Adrianople According to legend, Orestes, son of Agamemnon, built this city at the confluence of the Tonsus (Toundja) and the Ardiscus (Arda) with the Hebrus (Maritza). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01161a.htm Adana A diocese of Armenian rite in Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01135f.htm Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, The Feast of the In the Latin Church this feast is first mentioned in the Sacramentarium of Pope Gelasius. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01542a.htm Augustinus, Antonius Historian of canon law and Archbishop of Tarragona in Spain, born at Saragossa 26 February, 1517, of a distinguished family; died at Tarragona, 31 May, 1586. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02105a.htm Arca A box in which the Eucharist was kept by the primitive Christians in their homes. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01686d.htm Arindela A titular see of Palestine. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01712a.htm Arezzo A diocese of Tuscany, in Italy, which is directly dependent on the Holy See. It http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01702b.htm Arundell Thomas, first Lord Arundell of Wardour. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01765c.htm Albergati, Niccolo Cardinal and Bishop of Bologna. (1357-1443) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01258b.htm Archdiocese Not an ecclesiastical province, but only that diocese of the province which is the archbishop's own. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01694b.htm Apostolici Ministerii A Bull issued 23 May, 1724, by Innocent XIII, for the revival of ecclesiastical discipline in Spain. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01647b.htm Adrichem, Christian Kruik van Catholic priest and theological writer. (1533-1585) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01161b.htm Admont A Benedictine abbey in Styria, Austro-Hungary. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01145a.htm Ampullæ Their peculiarity consists in the sediment of dark red colour they contain, from which they derive the name, blood-ampullæ, on the theory that the sediment is the remains of the blood of a martyr. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01439c.htm Athanasian Creed, The One of the symbols of the Faith approved by the Church and given a place in her liturgy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02033b.htm All Hallows College An institution devoted to the preparation of priests for the missions in English-speaking countries. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01314b.htm Arriaga, Pablo José Jesuit missionary to Peru. (1564-1621) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01753b.htm Andres, Juan Sixteenth-century Spanish canonist. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01470d.htm Alberti, Leone Battista Florentine ecclesiastic and artist of the fifteenth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01263a.htm Animals in the Bible The sacred books were composed by and for a people almost exclusively given to husbandry and pastoral life, hence in constant communication with nature. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01517a.htm Amalarius of Metz A liturgical writer, b. at Metz, in the last quarter of the eighth century; d. about 850. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01376b.htm Apocalypse, Book of The name given to the last book in the Bible, also called the Book of Revelation. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01594b.htm Agricola, Rudolph Humanist of the earlier period, and a promoter of the study of the classics in Germany, born in 1442, or 1443, at Bafflo, hear Groningen, Holland; died at Heidelberg, 28 October, 1485. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01231b.htm St. Arnulf of Metz Frankish civil servant at the court of Austrasia, bishop of Metz, hermit, d. about 640. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01752b.htm Apostolic See, The A metaphorical term, used, as happens in all languages, to express the abstract notion of authority by the concrete name of the place in which it is exercised. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01640c.htm Azaria, Aristaces A Catholic Armenian abbot and archbishop, b. at Constantinople, 18 July, 1782; d. at Vienna, 6 May, 1854. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02166b.htm Angelico, Fra, Blessed Biography of this Dominican, a famous painter, who died in 1455. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01483b.htm Amrah The Syrian houses in the region of Hauran were inhabited, from the third century to the seventh, by the upper and middle classes of the population. A house of this kind in perfect preservation is still to be seen at Amrah. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01440c.htm Agreda, Maria de Franciscan mystic. (1602-1665) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01229a.htm African Church, Early The name given to the Christian communities inhabiting the region known politically as Roman Africa. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01191a.htm Anglesea, The Priory of Founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Nicholas for a community of Austin Canons, by Henry I. Dugdale. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01490d.htm Arethas of Caesarea Born at Patrae, Greece, about 860. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01701c.htm Attalia A titular metropolitan see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02060b.htm Arnpeck, Veit Bavarian historian, b. at Landshut in 1440; d. at the same place about the year 1505. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01751a.htm Acclamation Used in the classical Latin of Republican Rome as a general term for any manifestation of popular feeling expressed by a shout. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01097a.htm Avempace Arabian philosopher, physician, astronomer, mathematician, and poet, b. at Saragossa towards the end of the eleventh century; d. at Fez, 1138. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02150a.htm Alexander IV, Pope Reigned 1254-61. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01287b.htm Ambrosian Hymnography The term implies no attribution of authorship, but rather a poetical form or a liturgical use. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01392a.htm Auctorem Fidei A Bull issued by Pius VI, 28 August, 1794, in condemnation of the Gallican and Jansenist acts and tendencies of the Synod of Pistoia (1786). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02068b.htm Attainder An Act of Parliament for putting a man to death or for otherwise punishing him without trial in the usual form. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02059c.htm Animism The doctrine or theory of the soul. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01526a.htm Archange de Lyon A preacher of the Capuchin order whose name was Michael Desgranges. (1736-1822) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01690b.htm Ariano Diocese in the Archdiocese of Beneventum. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01710a.htm Arabissus A titular see of Armenia, suffragan of Melitene. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01676b.htm Antichrist Defines the word according to its biblical and ecclesiastical usage. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01559a.htm Ampè, André-Marie Physicist and mathematician. (1775-1836) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01437c.htm Akhmin A city of Upper Egypt, situated on the banks of the Nile. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01239a.htm Apostolicae Curae A Bull of Leo XIII issued 15 September, 1896, and containing the latest papal decision with regard to the validity of Anglican orders. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01644a.htm Atto of Vercelli A learned theologian and canonist of the tenth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02062c.htm Amraphel King of Sennaar (Shinar), or Babylonia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01441a.htm Aeterni Patris An encyclical letter of Pope Leo XIII (issued 4 August, 1879); not to be confused with the apostolic letter of the same name written by Pope Pius IX. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01177a.htm Asceticism The word asceticism comes from the Greek askesis which means practice, bodily exercise, and more especially, atheletic training. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01767c.htm Asterisk This is a utensil for the Liturgy according to the Greek Rite, which is not used in Roman Rite. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02017a.htm Angela Merici, Saint Biography of the founder of the Ursulines, who died in 1540. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01481a.htm Asiongaber More properly Ezion-geber, a city of Idumea, situated on the northern extremity of the Ælanitic Gulf, now called the Gulf of Akabah. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01792a.htm Algiers Archdiocese comprising the province of Algeria in French Africa. Its suffragans are the Sees of Oran and Constantine. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01311a.htm Aer The largest and outer-most covering of the chalice and paten in the Greek church, corresponding to the veil in the Latin rite. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01174a.htm Acceptance In canon law, the act by which one receives a thing with approbation or satisfaction. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01094b.htm Aparisi y Guijarro, Antonio Parliamentary orator, jurisconsult, Catholic controversialist, and Spanish litterateur. (1815-1872) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01592c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Acca Bishop of Hexham, companion of St. Wilfrid. Acca died in about 742. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01093a.htm Arnulf of Bavaria Son of Luitpold of the Agilulfing family and of Kunigunde, and Duke of Bavaria from 907 to 937. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01751b.htm Albanenses Manichæan heretics who lived in Albania, probably about the eighth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01253a.htm Anthemius Fourth-century Byzantine official. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01553c.htm Aulne Abbey A former Cistercian monastery near Landelies on the Sambre in the Diocese of Liège. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16005c.htm Aubignac, François Hédelin, Abbé d' Grammarian, poet, preacher, archeologist, philologist. (1604-1676) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02067a.htm Andria, Diocese Comprises three towns in the Province of Bari and one in the Province of Potenza, Archdiocese of Trani, Italy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01475b.htm Avesta, The The sacred books of Parsees, or Zoroastrians, and the main source of our knowledge concerning the religious and spiritual life the ancient Persians. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02151b.htm Arator A Christian poet of the sixth century, probably of Ligurian origin. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01678d.htm Antonio María Claret y Clará, Saint Spanish priest and missionary, founder of the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (better known as the Claretians), d. 1870. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Aedan of Ferns St. Aedan of Ferns, also called Aedhog, Moaedhog, or Mogue. First bishop of Ferns. This article says he died in 632. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01170b.htm St. Attala Burgundian monk, companion of St. Columban in exile, co-founder and abbot of Bobbio, d. 627. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02060a.htm Adoption, Canonical The Church made its own the Roman law of adoption, with its legal consequences. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01147b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Teaching of St. Augustine of Hippo Article on Augustine as a Doctor of the Church, and his influence in the history of philosophy and theology. Particular interest in his teaching on grace. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02091a.htm Arianism [Catholic Encyclopedia] Founded by Arius, belief asserting that Christ was not God like the Father, but a creature made in time. Rejected by the Council of Constantinople (381). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01707c.htm Arévalo, Rodríguez Sanchez de A learned Spanish bishop. (1404-1470) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01702a.htm Blessed Altmann Short biography of the eleventh-century bishop of Passau, driven from his see for enforcing Pope Gregory VII's call for clerical celibacy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01367a.htm Augustinus-Verein, The An association organized in 1878 to promote the interests of the Catholic press, particularly the daily press, of Germany. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02106a.htm Adrian Fortescue, Blessed Knight of St. John, martyred in 1539. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06146b.htm Asia Article intended to give a rapid survey of the geography, ethnography, political and religious history of Asia, and especially of the rise, progress, and actual condition of Asiatic Christianity and Catholicism. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01777b.htm Adrian V, Pope A Genoese, and nephew of Innocent IV. He was elected at Viterbo 12 July 1276, but died 18 August. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01159a.htm Acmonia A titular see of Phrygia Pacatiana, in Asia Minor, now known as Ahat-Keui. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01105c.htm Arbitration A method of arranging differences between two parties by referring them to the judgment of a disinterested outsider whose decision the parties to a dispute agree in advance to accept as in some way binding. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01682b.htm Airoli, Giacomo Maria Jesuit Orientalist and Scriptural commentator. (1660-1721) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01237b.htm Antoninus Pius Article about the Roman ruler from the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01586a.htm Athelney, The Abbey of Established in the County of Somerset, England. Founded by King Alfred, A.D. 888, as a religious house for monks of the Order of St. Benedict. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02042a.htm Armada, The Spanish A fleet intended to invade England and to put an end to the long series of English aggressions against the colonies and possessions of the Spanish Crown. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01727c.htm Aufsees, Jobst Bernhard von Canon of Bamberg and Würzburg, born 28 March, 1671, on the family estate of Mengersdorf; died 2 April, 1738. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02072b.htm Aldfrith A Northumbrian king, son of King Oswin; d. 14 December, 705. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01280a.htm Avignon, University of Developed from the already existing schools of the city, was formally constituted in 1303, by a Bull of Boniface VIII. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02160a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Alfred the Great Biography with links to further information. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01309d.htm Abaddon A Hebrew word signifying: ruin, destruction (Job 31:12); place of destruction; the Abyss, realm of the dead (Job 26:6; Proverbs 15:11). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01005a.htm Assam A Prefecture Apostolic in the ecclesiastical province of Calcutta, India, established in 1889. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01793d.htm Ancient of Days A name given to God by the Prophet Daniel. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01463a.htm Apocatastasis A name given in the history of theology to the doctrine which teaches that a time will come when all free creatures will share in the grace of salvation; in a special way, the devils and lost souls. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01599a.htm Aquileia, Councils of A council held in 381, presided over by St. Valerian of Aquileia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01662a.htm Adoration In the strict sense, an act of religion offered to God in acknowledgment of His supreme perfection and dominion, and of the creature's dependence upon Him. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01151a.htm Arthur, James A Dominican friar, and a theologian of note, b. at Limerick, Ireland, early in the seventeenth century; d. (probably) 1670. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01755b.htm Adelaide, Saint Abbess, renowned for having the gift of miracles, d. 1015. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01140b.htm Abraham Ecchelensis A learned Maronite, born in Hekel, or Ecchel (hence his surname), a village on Mount Lebanon, in 1600; died 1664 in Rome. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01057a.htm Armidale A diocese situated in New South Wales. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01740b.htm Articles of Faith Certain revealed supernatural truths such as those contained in the symbol of the Apostles. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01755d.htm Archconfraternity A confraternity empowered to aggregate or affiliate other confraternities of the same nature, and to impart to them its indulgences and privileges. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01692a.htm Anselm of Liège Belgian chronicler. (1008-1056) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01550c.htm Almeida, John Jesuit missionary. (1571-1653) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01327a.htm Altar Ledge A step behind the altar, raised slightly above it, for candlesticks, flowers, reliquaries, and other ornaments. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01354d.htm Pope St. Agapetus I Biography of Pope St. Agapetus I, also called Agapitus, anti-Arian, instrumental in deposing a Monophysite bishop who had moreover abandoned his see, d. 536. From the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01202c.htm Anna Details of four women by this name in Sacred Scripture. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01530c.htm Altar Horns On the Jewish altar there were four projections, one at each corner, which were called the horns of the altar. These projections are not found on the Christian altar, but the word cornu ("horn") is still maintained to designate the sides or corners of the altar. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01354a.htm Atomism The system of those who hold that all bodies are composed of minute, indivisible particles of matter called atoms. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02053a.htm Pope St. Anastasius I Article on the pope remembered chiefly for condemning Origenism, d. 401. From the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01454c.htm Ansaldi, Casto Innocenzio Theologian and archaeologist. (1710-1780) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01544a.htm Absolution The remission of sin, or of the punishment due to sin, granted by the Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01061a.htm Aegidius of Assisi, Blessed Better known in English as Brother Giles. One of the first followers of St. Francis of Assisi, he died in 1262. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01170d.htm Aspendus A titular see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01792d.htm Appeals The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive view of the positive legislation of the Church on appeals belonging to the ecclesiastical forum; but it does not treat of the nature of the ecclesiastical forum itself nor of the rights of the Church and its supreme head, the pope, to receive appeals in ecclesiastical matters. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01652a.htm Almagro, Diego de Generally considered a foundling; came to Panama in 1514 with Pedro Arias de Avila (D'Avila), and soon distinguished himself in military expeditions. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01326e.htm Antoniewicz, Charles Polish Jesuit and missionary. (1807-1852) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01585a.htm Avesta, Theological Aspects of the Explores the subjects of God, dualism, angelology, and man. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02154a.htm Acuas One of the first to spread Manicheism in the Christian Orient. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01126a.htm Acacia The Biblical Acacia belongs to the genus Mimosa. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01079a.htm Aurelian Information on this emperor from the Catholic Encyclopedia . http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02108b.htm Arras, Councils of In 1025 a council was held at Arras against certain (Manichaean) heretics who rejected the sacraments of the Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01753a.htm Angelus Bell The triple Hail Mary recited in the evening, which is the origin of our modern Angelus, was closely associated with the ringing of a bell. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01487a.htm Anne García, Blessed Better known as Anne of St. Bartholomew. Biography of one of the first Discalced Carmelites. She died in 1626. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06378b.htm Ailly, Pierre d' French theologian and philosopher, bishop and cardinal, born 1350 at Compiègne; died probably 1420 at Avignon. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01235b.htm Altar Vase Vase to hold flowers for the decoration of the altar. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01357d.htm Anastasius Bibliothecarius Librarian of the Roman Church. (810-879) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16002b.htm Abel Commentary on the first murder victim. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01035c.htm Adoption, Supernatural The adoption of man by God in virtue of which we become His sons and heirs. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01148a.htm Apse The semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir or aisles of a church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01659a.htm Arches, The Court of Was held in the Church of St. Mary le Bow (Sancta Maria de Arcubus), in Cheapside, the chief and most ancient court and consistory of the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01695a.htm Avicebron Jewish religious poet, moralist, and philosopher. He was born at Malaga in 1020 or 1021, and died at Saragossa in 1070. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02156a.htm Amazones, Diocese of A South American diocese, dependent on San Salvador of Bahia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01381b.htm St. Avitus Anti-Arian Bishop of Vienne, converted King Sigismund, was a renowned poet, d. about 518. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02161c.htm Apollonius of Ephesus Anti-Montanist Greek ecclesiastical writer, between 180 and 210. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01617d.htm Arni Thorlaksson An Icelandic bishop, b. in Iceland, 1237; d. at Bergen, 1297. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01746b.htm Abercromby, Robert Jesuit missionary in Scotland. (1532-1613) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01041b.htm Ambrosian Liturgy and Rite The liturgy and Rite of the Church of Milan, which derives its name from St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan (374-397). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01394a.htm Angelus A short practice of devotion in honour of the Incarnation repeated three times each day, morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of the bell. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01486b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Alexander (Early Bishops) Six bishops. The last mentioned is St. Alexander of Jerusalem. Includes biography. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01285b.htm Aser Details four uses of this name. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01774d.htm Aerius of Pontus A friend and fellow ascetic of Eustathius, who became Bishop of Sebaste (355), and who ordained Aërius and placed him over the hospital or asylum in that city. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01174b.htm Authority, Civil The moral power of command, supported by physical coercion, which the State exercises over its members. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02137c.htm Anthony of Sienna A Dominican theologian, so called because of his great veneration for St. Catharine of Sienna. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01558a.htm Altarage The fees received by a priest from the laity when discharging any function for them, e.g. marriages, baptisms, funerals. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01359a.htm Ashes A number of passages in the Old Testament connect ashes with mourning. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01776c.htm Academy, The French Founded by Cardinal de Richelieu in 1635. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01089a.htm Agnelli, Giuseppe Chiefly known for his catechetical and devotional works. (1621-1706) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01212a.htm Alagona, Pietro Theologian. (1549-1624) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01244d.htm Altar Frontal An appendage which covers the entire front of the altar, from the lower part of the table to the predella, and from the gospel corner to that of the epistle side. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01353b.htm Association of Priestly Perseverance A sacerdotal association founded in 1868 at Vienna, and at first confined to that Archdiocese. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02005a.htm Altar Curtain Drawn around the altar at certain parts of Mass. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01353a.htm Acacius, Saint Bishop of Melitene in the third century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01083a.htm Archdeacon The incumbent of an ecclesiastical office dating back to antiquity and up to the fifteenth century of great importance in diocesan administration, particularly in the West. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01693a.htm Alphonsus Rodriguez, Saint Spanish-born widower, Jesuit lay brother, served as porter at Majorca for 46 years, d. 1617. Also known as Alonso. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01341a.htm St. Aldhelm Abbot of Malmesbury, bishop of Sherborne, poet, d. about 709. Variants on the saint's name include Ealdhelm, Aeldhelm, Adelelmus, Althelmus, and Adelme. Biographical article in the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01280b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Alban First martyr of Britain, d. about 304. Biographical entry. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01252b.htm Arminianism The popular designation of the doctrines held by a party formed in the early days of the seventeenth century among the Calvinists of the Netherlands. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01740c.htm Arius An heresiarch, born about A.D. 250; died 336. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01718a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Athanasius Long article on the Bishop of Alexandria, confessor and Doctor of the Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02035a.htm Arrighetti, Nicola Mathematician, b. at Florence and died there in 1639. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01753d.htm Arawaks The first American aborigines met by Columbus. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01680c.htm Altar Steps The number of steps leading up to the high altar is for symbolical reasons uneven; usually three, five, or seven, including the upper platform. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01356f.htm Alford, Michael A Jesuit missionary in England during the persecution. (1587-1652) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01309c.htm Altar, Stripping of an Removal of the altar-cloths, vases of flowers, antipendium, and other ornaments, so that nothing remains but the cross and the candlesticks with the candles extinguished. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01349a.htm Alpha and Omega (in Scripture) Employed from the fourth century as a symbol expressing the confidence of orthodox Christians in the scriptural proofs of Our Lord's divinity. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01332a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia St. Ado of Vienne, Benedictine monk, pilgrim, scholar, pastor, Archbishop of Vienne, d. 875. Feast day: 16 December. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01145b.htm Alan of Walsingham Architect. (d. 1364) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01245e.htm Alessio Diocese in European Turkey, since 1886 suffragan of Scutari. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01284b.htm Aedh of Kildare Sixth-century King of Leinster, Ireland. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01170c.htm Aphraates Wrter born of pagan parents during the last half of the third century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01593c.htm Antiochus of Palestine Seventh century monk. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01574a.htm The Annunciation Catholic Encyclopedia article on the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01541c.htm Adam of Usk An English priest, canonist, and chronicler. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01134c.htm Anastasius III, Pope Reigned 911-913. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01455a.htm Arts, Master of An academic degree higher than that of Bachelor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01759a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Life of St. Augustine of Hippo Biographical article, with extensive hyperlinks to related articles. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02084a.htm Arkansas Includes history, climate, government, education, and Catholic information. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01724a.htm Antipatris Titular see of Palestine. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01574c.htm Apodosis For several days after a great feast the celebrant turns back to certain prayers of the feast and repeats them in commemoration of it. The last day of such repetition of the prayers of the previous feast is called the apodosis. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01615a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St Ælred Cistercian abbot, called "the English St. Bernard," homilist, spiritual writer, d. 1166 or 1167. Variants on the saint's name include Ailred, Aethelred, and Ethelred. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01172b.htm St. Aengus (the Culdee) Irish hermit, hagiographer, poet, late eighth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01173a.htm Anthony of the Mother of God A Spanish Carmelite, b. at Leon in Old-Castile; d. 1641. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01558b.htm St. Alto Irish-born hermit and missionary in Bavaria, monastic founder, eighth century. Feast day: 9 February. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01367b.htm Agostini, Paolo Italian composer. (1593-1629) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01224b.htm Ambarach, Peter Maronite Orientalist. (1663-1742) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01381c.htm Athias, Joseph Issued two editions of the Hebrew Bible. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02047a.htm Altar, History of the Christian An elevated surface, tabular in form, on which the Sacrifice of the Mass is offered. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01362a.htm Agilulfus, Saint Biography of the abbot of Stavelot, bishop of Cologne, martyred in 750. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01211a.htm St. Andrew Was stoned to death at Lampsacus, during the Decian persecution, along with his companion Paul. A sixteen-year-old girl, Dionysia, was also martyred with them. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01472a.htm Aversa, Diocese of Comprising twenty-one towns in the Province of Caserta and twelve in the Province of Naples, it is under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02151a.htm Administrator (of Ecclesiastical Property) One charged with the care of church property. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01144a.htm Antoine, Paul Gabriel French theologian. (1678-1743) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01583b.htm Agents of Roman Congregations Persons whose business it is to look after the affairs of their patrons at the Roman Curia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01209c.htm Arcosolium Term applied by the primitive Christians to one form of the tombs that exist in the Roman catacombs. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01699a.htm Adrian VI, Pope Reigned 1522-1523. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01159b.htm Archdeacon, Richard An Irish Jesuit, whose name is sometimes given as Archdekin or Arsdekin. (1620-1693) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01694a.htm Abbreviation, Methods of Discusses forms used to get the most use from scarce and costly materials. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01021b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, Baron Acton Biography of the historian best-known for his view of the corruption power causes. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01114a.htm Abydus A titular see of Troas in Asia Minor, suffragan of Cyzicus in the Hellespontic province. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01075c.htm Agapetae Virgins who consecrated themselves to God with a vow of chastity and associated with laymen. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01202a.htm Abrahamites Syrian heretics of the ninth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01057b.htm African Synods Commonly called African or Carthaginian Synods. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01199a.htm Athens, Modern Diocese of The majority of Catholics who live within the Diocese of Athens are foreigners, or of foreign descent. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02046a.htm Asses, Feast of The feast dates from the eleventh century, though the source which suggested it is much older. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01798b.htm Apostolic Letters The letters of the Apostles to Christian communities or those in authority. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01640a.htm Acton, John English canonist, born 1350. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01113b.htm Administrator Includes details on administrators of dioceses, parishes, and ecclesiastical institutions. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01143a.htm St. Apollinaris Born in Vienne, became bishop of Valence, was exiled to Sardinia, d. 520. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01616b.htm Arden, Edward An English Catholic, executed during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01700b.htm Arsinoe A titular see of Egypt, now Medinet el Fayum. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01754c.htm Artemon Mentioned as the leader of an Antitrinitarian sect at Rome, in the third century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01755a.htm Arabici A small sect of the third century, whose founder is unknown, and which is commonly named from Arabia, where it flourished, but sometimes also Thanatopsychitae. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01676a.htm Alzog, Johann Baptist Church historian. (1808-1878) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01375a.htm Apotheosis Deification, the exaltation of men to the rank of gods. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01650b.htm Ackermann, Leopold Catholic professor of exegesis. (1771-1831) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01105b.htm Almici, Camillo Italian Oratorian priest. (1714-1779) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01328b.htm Agricola, Alexander Biography of the composer, mentioning the possibility of unpublished manuscripts still in Spanish libraries. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01230c.htm Apse Chapel A chapel radiating tangentially from one of the bays or divisions of the apse, and reached generally by a semicircular passageway, or ambulatory, exteriorly to the walls or piers of the apse. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01660a.htm Adrian of Castello Italian prelate distinguished as a statesman and reviver of learning; born about 1460, died about 1521. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01160b.htm Ayeta, Fray Francisco de A Spanish Franciscan of the seventeenth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02164b.htm Alalis Titular see of Phoenicia from 325 to 451. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01245a.htm Ardilliers, Notre Dame des A statue, fountain, and Church of Our Lady at Saumur, France. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01700c.htm Ascension The elevation of Christ into heaven by His own power in presence of His disciples the fortieth day after His Resurrection. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01767a.htm Abgar, The Legend of Concerns a correspondence that took place between God and the local potentate at Edessa. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01042c.htm Amiot, Joseph Maria Missionary to China. (1718-1793) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01430a.htm Adytum A secret chamber or place of retirement in the ancient temples, and esteemed the most sacred spot; the innermost sanctuary or shrine. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01170a.htm Athenry A small inland town in the county Galway, Ireland, anciently called Athnere, from Ath-na-Riagh, the king's ford, or the abode of the king. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02043a.htm Abercromby, John Named as having lost his life from Catholic clergy violence. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01041a.htm Acanthus A titular see of Macedonia, on the Strymonic Gulf, now known as Erisso. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01092a.htm Assumption, Little Sisters of the A congregation whose work is the nursing of the sick poor in their own homes. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02005d.htm Adorno, Francis Italian preacher. (1531-1586) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01154a.htm Antiphon (in Greek Liturgy) The Greek Liturgy uses antiphons, not only in the Office, but also in the Mass, at Vespers, and at all the canonical Hours. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01576a.htm Atkinson, Nicholas English priest and martyr. (d. 1610) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02050c.htm Audiences, Pontifical The receptions given by the pope to cardinals, sovereigns, princes, ambassadors, and other persons, ecclesiastical or lay, having business with or interest in the Holy See. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02069a.htm Antiphonary, Gregorian Discovered in a Montpellier manuscript of the tenth or eleventh century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01579a.htm Aymeric of Piacenza A learned Dominican, b. at Piacenza, Italy; d. at Bologna, 19 August, 1327. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02165a.htm Abthain An English or Lowland Scotch form of the middle-Latin word abthania (Gaelic, abdhaine), meaning abbacy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01074b.htm Alexandria Seaport of Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01299d.htm Acolyte A cleric promoted to the fourth and highest minor order in the Latin Church, ranking next to a subdeacon. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01106a.htm St. Anastasia Article in the Catholic Encyclopedia on this martyr, whose feast day is 25 December. Attracted a cultus at Rome in the late fifth century, and a sixth-century legend makes her a Roman matron, though martyred elsewhere. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01453a.htm Aubusson, Pierre d' Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, born 1423; died 1503. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02067b.htm Avancini, Nicola Chiefly known as an ascetical writer, born in the Tyrol, 1612; died 6 December, 1686. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02148a.htm Articles, The Organic A name given to a law regulating public worship, comprising 77 articles relative to Catholicism, and 44 relative to Protestantism, presented by order of Napoleon to the Tribunate and the legislative body at the same time that he made these two bodies vote on the Concordat itself. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01756a.htm Agnellus, Andreas, of Ravenna Historian of that church, b. 805; the date of his death is unknown, but was probably about 846. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01212d.htm St. Anne According to apocryphal literature, the mother of Mary. Essay in the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01538a.htm St. Aldric Bishop of Le Mans, d. 856. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01281a.htm Anderton, Thomas English Benedictine. (1611-1671) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01467e.htm Abandonment A term used by writers of ascetical and mystical books to signify the first stage of the union of the soul with God by conforming to His Will. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01006a.htm Achterfeldt, Johann Heinrich Theologian. (1788-1877) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01104a.htm Albertini, Nicolò Medieval statesman, died 1321. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01263b.htm Abyss Primarily and classically an adjective, very deep. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01075d.htm Archpriest Since the fourth century numerous dioceses had an archpriest, or head of the college of presbyters, who aided and represented the bishop in the discharge of his liturgical and religious duties. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01697b.htm André, Yves Marie Mathematician. (1675-1764) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01469c.htm Abner A son of Ner, a cousin of Saul, and commander-in-chief of Saul's army. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01045a.htm Acts, Human St. Thomas and the scholastics in general regard only the free and deliberate acts of the will as human. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01115a.htm Aske, Robert English insurgent. (d. 1537) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01792b.htm Alleluia A liturgical mystic expression. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01319b.htm Anno, Saint Former soldier, Archbishop of Cologne, d. 1075. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01541b.htm Antonelli, Giacomo Cardinal; Secretary of State to Pius IX. (1806-1876) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01583d.htm Antivari So called from its position opposite to Bari in Italy; the Catholic archiepiscopal see of Montenegro. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01582b.htm Apostolic Camera The former central board of finance in the papal administrative system, which at one time was of great importance in the government of the States of the Church, and in the administration of justice. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01633b.htm Annibaldi, Annibale d' Theologian, b. of a Roman senatorial family early in the thirteenth century; d. at Rome, 1 September, 1271. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01540c.htm Aetius A Roman general, patrician, and consul, b. towards the end of the fourth century; d. 454. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01177b.htm Attaliates, Michael Byzantine stateman and historian, probably a native of Attalia in Pamphylia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02060c.htm Alenio, Guilio Chinese missionary and scholar, born at Brescia, in Italy, in 1582; died at Fou-Tcheou, China, in August, 1644. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01283a.htm Amphilochius of Sida Fifth-century bishop. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01438b.htm Acciajuoli Three cardinals belonging to an illustrious Florentine family, Angelo, Niccolo, and Filippo. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01096b.htm Altar Vessels The chalice is the cup in which the wine and water of the Eucharistic Sacrifice is contained. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01357e.htm Anderson, Henry James Scientist and educator. (1799-1875) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01466b.htm Auenbrugger, Leopold An A