Lukol Directory: Society: Religion and Spirituality: Christianity: Denominations: Catholicism: Reference: Catholic Encyclopedia: C

Creighton University An institution located at Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A., and conducted by the Jesuit Fathers. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04480a.htm Castellanos, Juan de Soldier, priest, and epic poet, born in Spain in the first half of the sixteenth century; date of death unknown. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03408c.htm Charlemagne and Church Music Charlemagne's interest in church music and solicitude for its propagation and adequate performance throughout his empire, have never been equalled by any civil ruler either before or since his time. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03618a.htm Chevreul, Michel-Eugène Chemist, physicist, and philosopher, b. at Angers, France, 31 August, 1786; d. at Paris, 9 April, 1889. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03650b.htm Curley, James Irish-American astronomer. (1796-1889) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04573a.htm Chihuahua Diocese in the north of Mexico, comprises the state of Chihuahua. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03659b.htm Criticism, Textual The object of textual criticism is to restore as nearly as possible the original text of a work the autograph of which has been lost. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04497a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Columba Also known as Columcille. Long article on the Irish-born monk, founder and abbot of Iona. He died in 597. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04136a.htm Cree The largest and most important Indian tribe of Canada, and one of the largest north of Mexico. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04477a.htm Cabas Titular see of Egypt. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03125d.htm Cross and Crucifix in Archæology The sign of the cross, represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles, greatly antedates, in both the East and the West, the introduction of Christianity. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04517a.htm Comellas y Cluet, Antonio Philosopher. (1832-1884) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16027b.htm Canossa A former castle of Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, in the foothills of the Apennines. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03298a.htm Cainites A name used for (1) the descendants of Cain, (2) a sect of Gnostics and Antinomians. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03143a.htm Concordat In general, a concordat means an agreement, or union of wills, on some matter. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04196a.htm Citeaux, Abbey of Founded in 1098 by St. Robert, Abbot of Molesme, in a deserted and uninhabited part of the Diocese of Châlons-sur Saône. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03792a.htm Cotiæum A titular see of Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04422a.htm Calvert, Leonard Governor of Maryland. (1607-1647) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03194b.htm Cluny, Congregation of The earliest reform, which became practically a distinct order, within the Benedictine family. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04073a.htm Caddo Indians In the earlier period they were commonly known to the Spaniards as Tejas, whence the name of the State, and to the French as Cenis or Assinais. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03129a.htm Cooktown The Vicariate Apostolic of Cooktown comprises North Queensland, Australia, from 16°30' south latitude to Cape York, and from the Pacific Coast to the boundary of Northern Territory. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04350b.htm Cross, Daughters of the Holy The first steps towards the foundation of this society were taken in 1625 at Roy, Picardy, by Père Pierre Guérin, Françoise Unalet, and Marie Fannier to provide for the Christian education of girls. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16031a.htm Canoness The assistance of women in the work of the Church goes back to the earliest time, and their uniting together for community exercises was a natural development of religious worship. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03255b.htm Coeffeteau, Nicolas Preacher and controversialist, born 1574, at Château-du-Loir, province of Maine, France; died Paris, 21 April, 1623. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04091a.htm Citharizum A titular see of Armenia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03793a.htm Capharnaum A titular see of Palestine. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03309a.htm Caillau, Armand-Benjamin Priest and writer, born at Paris, 22 October, 1794, died there, 1850. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03142a.htm Cemeteries, Early Roman Christian This article treats briefly of the individual catacomb cemeteries in the vicinity of Rome. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03510a.htm Cavo, Andres A writer frequently quoted on Spanish-Mexican history; b. at Guadalajara in Mexico, 21 January, 1729, he entered the Society of Jesus, 14 January, 1758, and went to Italy with the other members of the order after their expulsion from Mexico in 1767. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03468e.htm Celestine V, Pope Saint Benedictine priest and hermit, d. 1296. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03479b.htm Calvinism Calvin succeeded Luther in point of time and was committed to a struggle with Zwingli's disciples at Zurich and elsewhere, known as Sacramentarians. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03198a.htm Cochin, Jacques-Denis Preacher and philanthropist. (1726-1783) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04078a.htm Constantinople, Councils of Particular councils held in 1639 and 1672. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04312c.htm Calahorra and La Calzada, Diocese of Suffragan of Burgos, comprising almost all the province of Logroño and part of the provinces of Navarre and Soria. Calahorra. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03148b.htm St. Colman Hermit, monastic founder, bishop of Kilmacduagh, d. 632. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04114b.htm Canatha A titular see of Arabia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03244a.htm Comana A titular see of Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04151b.htm Caron, Reneé-Edouard French Canadian statesman and magistrate. (1800-1876) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03373b.htm Cana A city of Galilee, Palestine. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03226a.htm Castoria A titular see of Macedonia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03414b.htm Campan, Jeanne-Louise-Henriette French educator, born 6 November, 1752, at Paris; died in 1822, at Mantes. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03220c.htm Cole, Henry English confessor. (1500-1579) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04097a.htm Catania A seaport and capital of the province of the same name in Sicily, situated on the eastern side of Mount Etna. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03429a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Consciousness Entry from the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04274a.htm Carey, Mathew Author and publisher, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 28 January, 1760; d. in Philadelphia, U.S.A., 15 September, 1839. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03346a.htm Choiseul, Etienne-François, Duc de French statesman, b. 28 June, 1719; d. in Paris 8 May, 1785. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03694a.htm Congo An account written before the annexation of the state by the Belgian government. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04228a.htm Communion of the Sick Differs from ordinary Communion as to the class of persons to whom it is administered, as to the dispositions with which it may be received, and as to the place and ceremonies of administration. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04174a.htm Cherubini, Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Article with biographical details emphasizing religious music and his time away from its composition. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03648a.htm Curium A titular see of Cyprus, suppressed in 1222 by the papal legate, Pelagius. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04572c.htm Communion Antiphon The term Communion is used, not only for the reception of the Holy Eucharist, but also as a shortened form for the antiphon that was originally sung while the people were receiving the Blessed Sacrament. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04169b.htm Cazeau, Charles-Félix French-Canadian priest. (1807-1881) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03470b.htm Chateaubriand, François-René French writer, b. at Saint-Malo, Brittany, 4 September, 1768; d. at Paris, 4 July, 1848. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03640a.htm Clonard, School of Situated on the river Boyne. Founded by St. Finnian, an abbot and great wonder-worker. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04064a.htm Conimbricenses The name by which Jesuits of the University of Coimbra in Portugal were known. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04252a.htm Cleophas According to the Catholic English versions the name of two persons mentioned in the New Testament. In Greek, however, the names are different, one being Cleopas, abbreviated form of Cleopatros, and the other Clopas. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04048b.htm Cloister The English equivalent of the Latin word clausura (from claudere, "to shut up"). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04060a.htm Cornice The uppermost division of the entablature, the representative of the roof, of an order, consisting of projecting mouldings and blocks, usually divisible into bed-moulding, corona, and gutter. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04379b.htm Capitolias A titular see of Palestine, suffragan to Scythopolis in Palestina Secunda. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03309b.htm Corea Vicariate apostolic, coextensive with the Empire of Corea; it was created a distinct vicariate Apostolic, 9 September, 1831. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04361b.htm Ceremony In liturgy, an external action, gesture, or movement which accompanies the prayers and public exercise of divine worship. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03538b.htm Cosmas Eighth century Byzantine hymn writer. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04403d.htm Colonia A titular see of Armenia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04125b.htm Clayton, James Priest, confessor of the faith, b. at Sheffield, England, date of birth not know; d. a prisoner in Derby gaol, 22 July, 1588. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04010a.htm Clark, William English priest, date of birth unknown, executed at Winchester, 29 Nov., 1603. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04007b.htm Circumcision, Feast of the As Christ wished to fulfil the law and to show His descent according to the flesh from Abraham. He, though not bound by the law, was circumcised on the eighth day (Luke, ii, 21), and received the sublime name expressive of His office, Jesus, i.e. Saviour. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03779a.htm Cesarini, Giuliano Born at Rome, 1398; died at Varna, in Bulgaria 10 November, 1444. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03546a.htm Chichele, Henry Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, England, 1362; d. at Oxford, 12 April, 1441. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03656a.htm Pope Cornelius Had to contend with the antipope Novatian. When persecution broke out, Cornelius was exiled, and he died a martyr in 253. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04375c.htm Chile A comparatively narrow strip of coast-land in South America between the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Andes Mountains on the east, including the watershed. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03660a.htm Combefis, François Patrologist, b. November, 1605, at Marmande in Guyenne; d. at Paris, 23 March, 1679. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04152a.htm Cosway, Maria Miniature-painter, born in Florence, Italy, 1759; died at Lodi, 5 January, 1535. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04421a.htm Chelm and Belz A diocese of the Greek-Ruthenian Rite in Russian Poland, subject directly to the Holy See, and formerly a suffragan of Kiijow. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03645d.htm Canute IV, Saint King of Denmark, martyr, d. 1086. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03307a.htm Cambiaso, Luca Genoese painter, b. at Moneglia near Genoa, in 1527; d. in the Escorial, Madrid, 1585. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03209b.htm Chalice Occupies the first place among sacred vessels, and by a figure of speech the material cup is often used as if it were synonymous with the Precious Blood itself. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03561a.htm Colonia A titular see in Armenia Prima. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16027a.htm Captain (in the Bible) In the Douay version captain represents several different Hebrew and Latin words, and designates both civil and military officers. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03314c.htm Conceptionists A branch of the Order of Saint Clare, founded by Beatriz de Silva. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04190c.htm Castellammare di Stabia The seat of the diocese is an industrial city, situated on the Bay of Naples, on a slope of Monte Gauro, and famous for its health-giving mineral springs. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03408a.htm Crib The crib or manger in which the Infant Saviour was laid after his birth is properly that place in the stable or khan where food for domestic animals is put, formed probably of the same material out of which the grotto itself is hewn. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04488c.htm Ciudad Real Bishopric-Priorate of the Military Orders of Spain, directly subject to the Holy See. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03793d.htm Censer A vessel suspended by chains, and used for burning incense at solemn Mass, Vespers, Benediction, processions, and other important offices of the Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03519c.htm Castelli, Pietro Italian physician and botanist, b. at Rome in 1574; d. at Messina in 1662. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03409a.htm Concina, Daniello Dominican preacher. (1687-1756) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04191a.htm Cordell, Charles English missionary priest, b. 5 October, 1720; d. at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 26 January, 1791. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04358b.htm Calmet, Dom Augustin Celebrated exegetist. (1672-1757) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03189a.htm Cienfuegos The Diocese of Cienfuegos (Centumfocensis), includes all the Province of Santa Clara in the central part of Cuba. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03770b.htm Commendatory Abbot An ecclesiastic, or sometimes a layman, who holds an abbey in commendam. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04155b.htm Consanguinity (in Canon Law) The term here means, within certain limitations defined by the law of nature, the positive law of God, or the supreme authority of State or Church, the blood-relationship (cognatio naturalis), or the natural bond between persons descended from the same stock. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04264a.htm Ceremonial The book which contains in detail the order of religious ceremony and solemn worship prescribed to be observed in ecclesiastical functions. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03538a.htm Carbonari The name of a secret political society, which played an important part, chiefly in France and Italy, during the first decades of the nineteenth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03330c.htm California Missions Divided into Lower or Old California and Upper California. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03177b.htm Cestra Titular see of Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03547b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Compline Scholarly essay on what is essentially a bedtime prayer, often recited privately. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04187a.htm Calas Case, The Jean Calas was a French Calvinist, born 19 March, 1698, at La Caparède near Castres, in the department of Tarn; executed 10 March, 1762, at Toulouse. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03149a.htm Conry, Florence Archbishop of Tuam, patriot, theologian and founder of the Irish (Franciscan) College of St. Anthony at Louvain, born in Galway, 1560; died at Madrid, 18 Nov., 1629. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04261c.htm Caen, University of Founded in 1432 by Henry VI of England, who was then master of Paris and of a large part of France. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03132a.htm Covenanters The name given to the subscribers (practically the whole Scottish nation) of the two Covenants, the National Covenant of 1638 and the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04457b.htm Crescentius The name of several leaders of the Roman aristocracy in the tenth century, during their opposition to the imperial government of the time. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04484c.htm Celestines The name given to certain extreme "Spiritual" Franciscans of the Marches, because they were taken by Celestine V under his special protection. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16020a.htm Cheyenne Diocese established 9 August, 1887. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03651a.htm Creeks An important confederacy of Indian tribes and tribal remnants, chiefly of Muskogian stock, formerly holding the greater portion of Central and Southern Georgia and Alabama. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04479b.htm Chivalry Considered from three points of view: the military, the social, and the religious. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03691a.htm Calatayud, Pedro de Jesuit missionary. (1689-1773) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03149c.htm Codex Alexandrinus Greek manuscript of the Old and New Testaments, so named because it was brought to Europe from Alexandria and had been the property of the patriarch of that see. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04080c.htm Carroll, Daniel Brother of Archbishop Carroll, b. at upper Marlboro, Maryland, U. S. A., 1733; d. at Washington, 1829. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03381a.htm Corycus A titular see of Cilicia Trachæa in Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04402b.htm Celtes, Conrad German Humanist, b. at Wipfeld in Lower Franconia, 1 February, 1459; d. at Vienna, 4 February, 1508. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03492a.htm Cabassut French theologian and priest. (1604-1685) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03126a.htm Champney, Anthony Controversialist. (1569-1643) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03568a.htm Cosmas Indicopleustes A Greek traveller and geographer of the first half of the sixth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04404a.htm Chartreuse, La Grande The mother-house of the Carthusian Order lies in a high valley of the Alps of Dauphine. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03636a.htm Chantry The endowment of one or more priests to say or sing Mass for the soul of the endower, or for the souls of persons named by him, and also, in the greater number of cases, to perform certain other offices, such as those of choir member in a collegiate church or cathedral, or of curate in outlying districts, or of chaplain in hospitals and jails, or of schoolmaster or librarian. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03573c.htm Caesarea Palaestinae Titular see in Palestine. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03134b.htm Cabral, Francisco Portuguese missionary in Japan. (1529-1609) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03127a.htm Melchior Cano Article by John R. Volz on the character, teachings, and life of this bishop, from the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03251a.htm Corrigan, Sir Dominic Physician, b. 1802, in Dublin, Ireland; d. there, 1880; distinguished for his original observations in heart disease, a special type of pulse being named after him. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04396a.htm Cheminais de Montaigu, Timoléon Pulpit orator. (1652-1689) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03645e.htm Clement XI, Pope Reigned 1700-1721. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04029a.htm Collectivism The term is sometimes employed as a substitute for socialism. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04106a.htm Character A consideration of the term as it is used in psychology and ethics. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03584b.htm Constantinople, Council of, in Trullo Particular council held in A.D. 692. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04311b.htm Cistercian Sisters The first Cistercian monastery for women was established at Tart in the Diocese of Langres (now Dijon), in the year 1125, by sisters from the Benedictine monastery of Juilly, and with the co-operation of St. Stephen Harding, Abbot of Cîteaux. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03790a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Chrysogonus Martyr at Aquileia, probably during the Diocletian persecution. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03742b.htm Crivelli, Carlo Italian painter. Little is known of his life, and his b. and d. are usually reckoned by his earliest and latest signed pictures, 1468-93. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04509a.htm Caesar of Speyer Friar Minor and leader of the Cæsarines. (d. 1239) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03139a.htm Cedar The name of the second son of Ismael (Gen., xxv, 13; I Par., i, 29); also of an Arabian tribe descended from him, and of the territory occupied by it. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03474a.htm Commandments of the Church Article includes: I. the nature of the Commandments of the Church in general; II. the history of the Commandments of the Church; and III. their classification. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04154a.htm Cortona Immediately subject to the Holy See. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04401a.htm Calvinus, Justus Baronius Convert and apologist. (1570-1606) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03204a.htm Caiaphas Jewish High Priest. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03143b.htm Cavalieri, Bonaventura Italian mathematician, b. at Milan in 1598; d. at Bologna, 3 December, 1647. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03468a.htm Censures, Ecclesiastical Medicinal and spiritual punishments imposed by the Church on a baptized, delinquent, and contumacious person, by which he is deprived, either wholly of in part, of the use of certain spiritual goods, until he recover from his contumacy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03527a.htm Cedar A coniferous tree frequently mentioned in the Bible. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03473a.htm Città di Castello, Diocese of A town in the province of Perugia, in Umbria, Central Italy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03793c.htm Celebret A letter which a bishop gives to a priest, that he may obtain permission in another diocese to say Mass, and for this purpose bears testimony that he is free from canonical censures. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03477a.htm Constantinople, Second Ecumenical Council of This council was held at Constantinople (5 May-2 June, 553), having been called by Emperor Justinian. It was attended mostly by Oriental bishops; only six Western (African) bishops were present. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04308b.htm Curityba do Parana Diocese, suffragan of São Sebastião (Rio de Janeiro), Brazil. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04572b.htm Cistercians in the British Isles St. Stephen Harding, third Abbot of Cîteaux (1109-33), was an Englishman and his influence in the early organization of the Cistercian Order had been very great. It was natural therefore that, when, after the coming of St. Bernard and his companions in 1113, foundations began to multiply, the project of sending a colony of monks to England should find favourable consideration. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16025b.htm Cuernavaca Erected 23 June, 1891, comprises all the State of Morelos in the Republic of Mexico, and is bounded on the north and the west by the Archdiocese of Mexico, on the east by the Archdiocese of Puebla, and on the south by the Bishopric of Chilapa. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04562c.htm Carayon, Auguste French author and bibliographer. (1813-1874) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03330a.htm Christopher Numar of Forli Minister General of the Friars Minor and cardinal. (d. 1528) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16025a.htm Cius A titular see of Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03794a.htm Calvert, Cecilius Second Lord Baltimore. (1606-1675) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03193a.htm Clerk, John Bishop of Bath and Wells; date of birth unknown; died 3 January, 1541. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04051a.htm Crawford, Francis Marion Novelist. (1854-1909) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16030a.htm Census A canonical term variously defined by different writers. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03533a.htm Carmelite Order, The One of the mendicant orders. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03354a.htm Conrad of Leonberg A Cistercian monk and Humanist, b. at Leonberg in Swabia in 1460; d. at Engenthal near Basle after 1520. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04259a.htm Celtic Rite, The The term "Celtic Rite" is generally, but rather indefinitely, applied to the various rites in use in Great Britain, Ireland, perhaps in Brittany, and sporadically in Northern Spain, and in the monasteries which resulted from the Irish missions of St. Columbanus in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, at a time when rites other than the then existing rite of Rome were used, wholly or partially, in those places. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03493a.htm Chronology, Biblical Deals with the dates of the various events recorded in the Bible. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03731a.htm Caballero, Fernán de Nom de plume of Cecilia Böhl von Faber, a noted Spanish novelist. (1796-1877) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03125a.htm Cochin, Diocese of Erected and constituted a suffragan of the Diocese of Goa, of which it had previously formed a part, by the Bull "Pro excellenti praeeminentia" of Paul IV, 4 February, 1558. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04076a.htm Calumny Etymologically any form of ruse or fraud employed to deceive another, particularly in judicial proceedings. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03190c.htm Hernando Cortes Concise biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04397a.htm Category The term was transferred by Aristotle from its forensic meaning (procedure in legal accusation) to its logical use as attribution of a subject. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03433a.htm Circesium A titular see of Osrhoene. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03776d.htm Chapter House A building attached to a monastery or cathedral in which the meetings of the chapter are held. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03584a.htm Credence A small table of wood, marble, or other suitable material placed within the sanctuary of a church and near the wall at the Epistle side, for the purpose of holding the cruets, acolytes' candles, and other utensils required for the celebration of the Holy Sacrifice. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04476a.htm Caryll, John Poet, dramatist, and diplomatist, b. at West Harting, England, 1625; d. 1711. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03395b.htm Chastellain, Pierre Missionary among the Huron Indians, born at Senlis, France, in 1606; died at Quebec, 14 August, 1684. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03637c.htm Caliari, Paolo Eminent painter of the Venetian school. (1528-1588) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03169b.htm Conrad of Hochstadt Archbishop of Cologne and Imperial Elector (1238-1261), date of birth unknown; d. 28 September, 1261. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04258d.htm Chaldean Christians The name of former Nestorians now reunited with the Roman Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03559a.htm Criticism, Higher Biblical criticism in its fullest comprehension is the examination of the literary origins and historical values of the books composing the Bible, with the state in which these exist at the present day. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04491c.htm Craigie, Pearl Mary Teresa English novelist, dramatist, and convert; b. 3 November, 1867; d. 13 August, 1906. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04466a.htm Charity, Sisters of, of Our Lady Mother of Mercy A congregation founded in Holland in 1832 by the Rev. John Zwijsen, pastor of Tilburg, aided by Mary M. Leijsen, for the instruction of children and the betterment of a people deprived of spiritual aid by the disastrous effects of the Reformation. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610b.htm Charles Joseph Eugene de Mazenod, Saint Short biography of the bishop of Marseilles and founder of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10094a.htm Clazomenae Titular see of Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04010b.htm Crypt The word originally meant a hidden place, natural or artificial, suitable for the concealment of persons or things. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04558a.htm Cardinal Vicar The vicar-general of the pope, as Bishop of Rome, for the spiritual administration of the city, and its surrounding district, properly known as Vicarius Urbis. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03341b.htm Catholicos The ecclesiastical title of the Nestorian and Armenian patriarchs. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03454a.htm Cosin, Edmund Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, England. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04403c.htm St. Ceadda Concise encyclopedia article on St. Chad. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03470c.htm Colette, Saint Founder of the Colettine Poor Clares (Clarisses), d. 1447. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04099b.htm Charity, Sisters of, of Jesus and Mary A congregation founded in 1803 by Canon Triest, who was known as "the St. Vincent de Paul of Belgium", for he was the founder as well of the Brothers of St. John of God, and the Sisters of the Infant Jesus. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03609c.htm Cordier, Balthasar Exegete and editor of patristic works, b. at Antwerp, 7 June, 1592; d. at Rome, 24 June, 1650. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04359a.htm Campeche Diocese in the State of Campeche, Republic of Mexico, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Yucatan. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03222b.htm Chinooks An aboriginal tribe of the extreme northwest of the United States. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03688a.htm Carroll of Carrollton, Charles American statesman. (1737-1832) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03379c.htm Corpus Juris Canonici The term corpus here denotes a collection of documents; corpus juris, a collection of laws, especially if they are placed in systematic order. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04391a.htm Catherick, Venerable Edmund Priest and martyr, born probably in Lancashire about 1605; executed at York, 13 April, 1642. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03442a.htm Codex The name given to a manuscript in leaf form, distinguishing it from a roll. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04080b.htm Chur Comprises at present the Swiss Cantons of Graubünden (Grisons), Glarus, Zürich, Unterwalden, and Uri, as well as the little Principality of Lichtenstein. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03743b.htm Caulet, François-Etienne A French bishop and Jansenist, b. at Toulouse, 1610; d. at Pamiers, 1680. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03458b.htm Cush Cush, like the other names of the ethnological table of Genesis, x, is the name of a race, but it has generally been understood to designate also an individual, the progenitor of the nations and tribes known in the ancient world as Cushites. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04575c.htm Czech Literature The evolution of Czech literature dates back to 863, when Moravia and Bohemia, through the efforts of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, the apostles of these two countries, were converted to Christianity and thus became participants in the great work of civilization. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04598b.htm Costume, Clerical In almost every country and every order of the clergy, the clothing has its own distinctive features. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04419b.htm Casuistry The application of general principles of morality to definite and concrete cases of human activity, for the purpose, primarily, of determining what one ought to do, or ought not to do, or what one may do or leave undone as one pleases; and for the purpose, secondarily, of deciding whether and to what extent guilt or immunity from guilt follows on an action already posited. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03415d.htm Campaña, Pedro Flemish painter, known in France as Pierre de Champagne, and in Brussels as Pieter de Kempeneer (his actual name), or, as translated in Flemish, Van de Velde, b. at Brussels in 1503; d. there in 1580. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03221a.htm Cambrai, Archdiocese of Comprises the entire Département du Nord of France. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03209c.htm Cross-Bearer The cleric or minister who carries the processional cross, that is, a crucifix provided with a long staff or handle. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04539a.htm Carranza, Diego Missionary among the Chontal Indians. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03377a.htm College, Apostolic This term designates The Twelve Apostles as the body of men commissioned by Christ to spread the kingdom of God over the whole world and to give it the stability of a well-ordered society. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04112a.htm Cresconius A Latin canonist of uncertain date and place, flourished probably in the latter half of the seventh century, though it may have been at the end of the sixth or even in the eighth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04486a.htm Caperolo, Pietro Friar Minor, date of birth unknown; d. at Velletri in 1480. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03308a.htm Cocussus A titular see of Armenia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04080a.htm Codex Bezae Greek, New Testament manuscript. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04083a.htm St. Columba of Terryglass A disciple of St. Finnian of Clonard, and himself taught St. Fintan. This St. Columba founded the monastery of Tirdaglas, and died of the plague in 552. Feast day: December 13. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04135a.htm Cornaro, Elena Lucrezia Piscopia A learned Italian woman of noble descent, born at Venice, 5 June, 1646; died at Padua, 26 July, 1684. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04373b.htm Categorical Imperative A term which originated in Immanuel Kant's ethics. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03432a.htm Christian Charity, Sisters of Also called Daughters of the Immaculate Conception, an institute for teaching poor schools and for the care of the blind, founded at Paderborn, Germany, on August, 1849, by Pauline von Mallinckrodt (b. 3 June, 1817, at Minden, Westphalia; d. 30 April, 1881), sister to the famous Hermann von Mallinckrodt. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03711a.htm Cisalpine Club An association of Catholic laymen formed in England to perpetuate the movement which had found expression in the "Declaration and Protestation" signed by the Catholic body in 1789. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03780a.htm Cormac MacCuilenan Irish bishop and King of Cashel. (836-908) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04373a.htm Chieti Archdiocese with the perpetual administration of Vasto. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03659a.htm Clémanges, Mathieu-Nicolas Poillevillain de French Humanist and theologian, b. in Champagne about 1360; d. at Paris between 1434 and 1440. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04011b.htm Cornely, Karl Josef Rudolph German biblical scholar and Jesuit, b. 19 April, 1830, at Breyell in Germany; d. at Treves, 3 March, 1908. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04378a.htm Charity, Congregation of the Brothers of Founded in Belgium, the rule and constitutions were approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII, 4 July, 1899. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03604a.htm Ceylon (Sri Lanka) An island to the south-east of India and separated from it only by a chain of reefs and sand-banks called Adam's Bridge. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03547c.htm Clonmacnoise, Abbey and School of Situated on the Shannon, about half way between Athlone and Banagher, King's County, Ireland. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04065a.htm Constance, Council of A (partly) ecumenical council held at Constance, now in the Grand Duchy of Baden, from 5 Nov., 1414, to 22 April, 1418. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04288a.htm Cisamus Titular see of Crete. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03780b.htm Collect The name now used only for short prayers before the Epistle in the Mass, which occur again at Lauds, Terce, Sext, None, and Vespers. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04103a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Diocese of Chicoutimi An article about Chicoutimi published in 1908, giving historical background of this former city, now part of the city of Saguenay. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03658a.htm Caesarea Mauretaniae Titular see in North Africa. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03134a.htm Crema, Diocese of Suffragan to Milan. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04481b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Cyrenaic School of Philosophy Overview of this strain of classical thought, by William Turner. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04591a.htm Charpentier, François-Philippe French engraver, inventor, and mechanician, b. at Blois, 1734; d. there 22 July, 1817. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03633a.htm Cleef, Joost van Flemish painter. (1520-1556) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04010e.htm Corker, Maurus An English Benedictine, born in 1636 in Yorkshire; died 22 December, 1715, at Paddington near London. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04372a.htm Chapelle, Placide-Louis Archbishop of New Orleans, U.S.A., b. at Runes Lozère, France, 28 August, 1842; d. at New Orleans, 9 August, 1905. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03579a.htm Chippewa Indians The popular name is a corruption of Ojibwa, a name of uncertain etymology, but generally supposed to refer to the "puckered up" appearance of the seam along the front of the tribal moccasin. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03690a.htm Clement VI, Pope Born 1291 in the castle of Maumont, departmentof Corrèze, France, elected pope, 7 May, 1342, at Avignon, where he died 6 December, 1352. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04023a.htm Charitable Bequests, Civil Law Concerning A charity, in the legal sense of the term, may be defined as a gift to be applied consistently with existing laws, for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons, either by bringing their minds or hearts under the influence of education or religion, by relieving their bodies from disease, suffering, or constraint, by assisting them to establish themselves in life, or by erecting and maintaining public buildings or works or otherwise lessening the burdens of the government. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03591a.htm Cochin, Pierre-Suzanne-Augustin Author of religious, pedagogical, and sociological works. (1823-1872) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04078b.htm Cardinals (1913 List) Members of the College of Cardinals, 1913. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16017c.htm Coustant, Pierre Benedictine of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, b. at Compiègne, France, 30 April, 1654; d. at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, near Paris, 18 October, 1721. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04454a.htm Caius Third-century Christian author. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144a.htm Cornelius, Peter Fresco painter and illustrator. (1783-1867) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04376a.htm Chiavari Suffragan of Genoa. A city of the province of Genoa in Northern Italy, situated on a little bay of the Gulf of Genoa. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03652c.htm Crown, Franciscan Also known as the Seraphic Rosary. Brief history, general description of how one prays this chaplet. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04540a.htm Civitavecchia and Corneto, Diocese of An important and fortified Mediterranean seaport, in the province of Rome. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03798b.htm St. Comgall Founder and abbot of the monastery of Bangor, d. 597 or 602. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04152c.htm Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto Painter and etcher, b. at Genoa, Italy, 1616; d. at Mantua, 1670. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03410a.htm Choron, Alexandre-Etienne French musician and teacher of music. (1772-1834) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03696a.htm Calvary, Congregation of Our Lady of A congregation founded at Poitiers, in 1617, by Antoinette of Orléans-Longueville. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03190e.htm Cemeteries in Law Includes information concerning the laws in the United States and Canada. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03508a.htm Caughnawaga Also known as Sault St. Louis. An Iroquois reservation, situated on the south bank of the St. Lawrence, about ten miles above Montreal. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03458a.htm Carthage Historical essay by Maurice M. Hassett. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03385a.htm Chalcedon A titular see of Asia Minor. The city was founded 676 B. C. by the Megarians on the Bithynian coast, opposite the place where a little later Byzantium rose. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03554a.htm Constable, John English Jesuit controversialist. (1676-1743) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04286b.htm Caballero, Raimundo Diosdado Writer. (1740-1830) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03125b.htm Confessor A title of honour to designate of the Faith who had confessed Christ publicly in time of persecution and had been punished with imprisonment, torture, exile, or labour in the mines, remaining faithful in their confession until the end of their lives. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04215a.htm Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus The last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts of the Greek Bible, received its name from the treatises of St. Ephraem the Syrian (translated into Greek) which were written over the original text. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04084a.htm Coriolis, Gaspard-Gustave de French mathematician. (1792-1843) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04370a.htm Ciborium A chalice-like vessel used to contain the Blessed Sacrament. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03767a.htm Coleti, Nicola Priest and historian, b. at Venice, 1680; d. in the same city, 1765. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04099a.htm St. Cyprian of Carthage Long article in the Catholic Encyclopedia on this bishop and martyr. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04583b.htm Canopy An ornamental covering of cloth, stone, wood, or metal, used to crown an altar, throne, pulpit, or statue. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03297c.htm Corbinian Bishop of Freising, in Bavaria, born about 680 at Chatres near Melun, France; died 8 September, 730. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04356a.htm Conradin of Bornada Dominican preacher, b. in the latter part of the fourteenth century; d. at Bologna, 1 November, 1429. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04258b.htm Carranza, Bartolomé Archbishop of Toledo; b. at Miranda de Arga, Spain, 1503; d. at Rome, 2 May, 1576. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03376a.htm Crasset, Jean Ascetical writer, b. at Dieppe, France, 3 January, 1618; d. at Paris, 4 January, 1692. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04468a.htm St. Crispina African matron, martyred in Numidia in 304. Feast day: 5 December. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04490b.htm Cincture More commonly called in England, the girdle is an article of liturgical attire which has been recognized as such since the ninth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03776a.htm Cura Animarum Technically, the exercise of a clerical office involving the instruction, by sermons and admonitions, and the sanctification, through the sacraments, of the faithful in a determined district, by a person legitimately a ppointed for the purpose. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04572a.htm Cerinthus A Gnostic-Ebionite heretic, contemporary with St. John; against whose errors on the divinity of Christ the Apostle is said to have written the Fourth Gospel. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03539a.htm Ceva, Thomas Mathematician. (1648-1737) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16024a.htm Casale Monferatto A suffragan of Vercelli. Casale Monferrato. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03396a.htm Carvajal, Bernardino Lopez de Cardinal, b. 1455, at Plasencia in Estremadura, Spain; d. at Rome 16 Dec., 1523. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03393a.htm Cayes Diocese in the republic of Haiti, suffragan to Port-au-Prince. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03469b.htm Camachus A titular see in Armenia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03204c.htm Cruz, Ramón de la Poet, b. at Madrid, Spain, 28 March, 1731; d. in the same city, 4 November, 1795. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04557b.htm Chaumonot, Pierre-Joseph Jesuit missionary in North America. (1611-1693) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03645a.htm Congregationalism The successful establishment of the New England colonies was an event of the utmost importance in the development of Congregationalism, a term preferred by the American Puritans to Independency and gradually adopted by their coreligionists in Great Britain. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04239a.htm Castro y Bellvis, Guillen de Spanish dramatic poet, b. of a noble family at Valencia in 1569; d. at Madrid in 1631. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03415c.htm Clare of Montefalco, Saint Abbess, claimed by both the Franciscans and the Augustinians, d. 1308. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04006a.htm Clovis King of the Salic Franks. (466-511) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04070a.htm Caprara, Giovanni Battista Statesman and cardinal, born at Bologna, 29 May, 1733; died at Paris, 27 July, 1810. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03313a.htm Curry, John Irish historian and physcician. (d. 1780) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04573c.htm Clerks Regular of Our Saviour A religious congregation instituted in its present form in 1851, at Benoite-Vaux in the Diocese of Verdun, France. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04052a.htm Croia A titular see of Albania. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04513b.htm Clement XII, Pope Reigned 1730-1740. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04030a.htm Canute King of the English, Danes, and Norwegians, b. about 994; d. at Shaftesbury, 12 November 1035. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03306c.htm Chachapoyas Diocese in Peru. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03551b.htm Coelde, Theodore Friar Minor and missionary, born at Münster, in 1435; died at Louvain, 11 December, 1515. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04092b.htm Cloyne, Diocese of Comprises the northern half of County Cork. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04072a.htm Canaan, Canaanites The Hebrew word Kenaan, denoting a person. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03569b.htm Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino Ecclesiastical archæologist. (1633-1698) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03766b.htm Catherine de' Medici Born 13 April, 1519; died 5 January, 1589; she was the daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici (II), Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de la Tour d' Auvergne who, by her mother, Catherine of Bourbon, was related to the royal house of France. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03443a.htm Capuchin Friars Minor An autonomous branch of the first Franciscan Order. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03320b.htm Crayer, Gaspar de Flemish painter, b. at Antwerp, 1582; d. at Ghent, 1669. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04469a.htm Constantine the Great Information on the Roman Emperor from the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295c.htm Chalcedon, Council of The Fourth Ecumenical Council, held in 451, from 8 October until 1 November inclusive, at Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03555a.htm Conrad of Piacenza, Saint Married man, penitent, Third Order Franciscan hermit, d. 1351. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04260b.htm Conversion Refers to a moral change, a turning or returning to God and to the true religion. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04347a.htm Cheverus, Jean-Louis Lefebvre de First Bishop of Boston, U.S.A., Bishop of Montauban; Archbishop of Bordeaux, France, and Cardinal, b. at Mayenne, France, 28 January, 1768; d. at Bordeaux 19 July, 1836. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03650a.htm Carracci Italian painter, engraver, and etcher, b. at Bologna, 16 August, 1557; d. at Parma, 22 March, 1602. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03374c.htm Canova, Antonio Italian sculptor. (1757-1822) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03298b.htm Calvi and Teano, Diocese of The ancient Cales or Calenum in the Campagna, not far from Capua. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03195a.htm Constantinople, First Ecumenical Council of Called in May, 381, by Emperor Theodosius, to provide for a Catholic succession in the patriarchal See of Constantinople, to confirm the Nicene Faith, to reconcile the semi-Arians with the Church, and to put an end to the Macedonian heresy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04308a.htm Clement IX, Pope Reigned 1667-1669. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04028a.htm Cozza, Lorenzo Friar Minor, cardinal, and theologian, b. at San Lorenzo near Bolsena, 31 March, 1654; d. at Rome, 18 January, 1729. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04464a.htm Connolly, John Second Bishop of New York, U.S.A., b. at Slane, Co. Meath, Ireland, 1750; d. New York, 6 February, 1825. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04257a.htm Chrismarium A place in a church set apart for the administration of confirmation. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03698a.htm Coton, Pierre French Jesuit, born 7 March, 1564, at Néronde in Forez; died 19 March, 1626, at Paris. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04422b.htm Catherine of Bologna, Saint Short biography of this Poor Clare, mystic, and writer, who died in 1463. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03446a.htm Cambridge, University of Includes information on history, studies, and buildings. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03211a.htm Catholic Benevolent Legion A fraternal assessment life-insurance society organized in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A., 5 September, 1881. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03452a.htm Christian Doctrine, Confraternity of An association established at Rome in 1562 for the purpose of giving religions instruction. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03711b.htm Colin, Frédéric-Louis Superior of the Sulpicians in Canada, b. at Bourges, France, in 1835; d. at Montreal, 27 November, 1902. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04100b.htm Constantinople Capital, formerly of the Byzantine, now of the Ottoman, Empire. (As of 1908, when the article was written.) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04301a.htm Carystus A titular see of Greece. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03395c.htm Canticle of Canticles One of three books of Solomon, contained in the Hebrew, the Greek, and the Christian Canon of the Scriptures. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03302a.htm Chios One of the Sporades in the Ægean Sea. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03689b.htm Cavanagh, James Soldier, b. in County Tipperary, Ireland, 1831; d. in New York, 7 January, 1901. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03468b.htm Cremona Suffragan of Milan. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04483a.htm Commodus Information on the Roman ruler from the Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04166a.htm Cardinal Protector Since the thirteenth century it has been customary at Rome to confide to some particular cardinal a special solicitude in the Roman Curia for the interests of a given religious order or institute, confraternity, church, college, city, or nation. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03341a.htm Coster, Francis Theologian, born at Mechlin, 16 June, 1532 (1531); died at Brussels, 16 December, 1619. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04419a.htm Pierre Charron Article by Charles B. Schrantz from the Catholic Encyclopedia. Notes this French thinker's impact and the regrettable superficiality of his thought. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03633b.htm College The word college, from the Latin collegium, originally signified a community, a corporation, an organized society, a body of colleagues, or a society of persons engaged in some common pursuit. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04107b.htm Commissariat of the Holy Land In the Order of Friars Minor the territory or district assigned to a commissary, whose duty it is to collect alms for the maintenance of the Holy Places in Palestine committed to the care of the Friars Minor; also, in a more restricted sense, the convent where the aforesaid commissary resides. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04164a.htm Callot, Jacques French etcher, engraver, and painter. (1592-1635) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03188a.htm Copenhagen, University of Founded by a Bull which Sixtus IV issued 19 June, 1475, at the request of King Christian I. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04352a.htm Cremation The custom of burning the bodies of the dead. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04481c.htm Churching of Women A blessing given by the Church to mothers after recovery from childbirth. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03761a.htm Caussin, Nicolas French Jesuit preacher and moralist. (1583-1651) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03467a.htm Cathedraticum A certain sum of money to be contributed annually for the support of the bishop, as a mark of honour and in sign of subjection to the cathedral church, hence its name. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03441a.htm Coronation Discussed as (I) The Emperors at Constantinople; (II) Visigothic and Celtic Elements; (III) The English Coronation Orders; (IV) The Western Empire and the Roman Pontifical; and (V) Other Ceremonials. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04380a.htm Curubis A titular see of Africa Proconsularis. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04575a.htm Conwell, Henry Second Bishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., b. at Moneymore, County Derry, Ireland, in 1745; d. at Philadelphia, 22 April, 1842. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04349a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Cyril of Alexandria Article on this Doctor of the Church, and anti-Nestorian theologian. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04592b.htm Carve, Thomas Historian, b. in Co. Tipperary, Ireland, 1590; d. probably in 1672. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03395a.htm Corneille, Michel, the Younger French painter, etcher and engraver, b. in Paris in 1642; d. at the Gobelins manufactory at Paris, 16 August, 1708. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04373d.htm Calynda A titular see of Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03204b.htm Casgrain, Henri Raymond Author of French Canadian literature. (1831-1904) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03400b.htm Castagno, Andrea Florentine painter, b. near Florence, 1390; d. at Florence, 9 August, 1457. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03407d.htm Calderon de la Barca, Pedro Spanish dramatist. (1600-1681) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03156a.htm Cathedral The chief church of a diocese. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03438a.htm Calvary, Mount The place of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03191a.htm Citation A legal act through which a person, by mandate of the judge, is called before the tribunal for trial. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03791a.htm Cartagena The city of the same name, residence of the archbishop, is situated on an island to the north of Tierra Bomba, Colombia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03384a.htm Catechumen In the early Church, was the name applied to one who had not yet been initiated into the sacred mysteries, but was undergoing a course of preparation for that purpose. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03430b.htm Concupiscence In its widest acceptation, concupiscence is any yearning of the soul for good; in its strict and specific acceptation, a desire of the lower appetite contrary to reason. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04208a.htm Castracane degli Antelminelli, Francesco Naturalist, b. at Fano, Italy, 19 July, 1817; d. at Rome 27 March, 1899. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03414c.htm Corporation An association recognized by civil law and regarded in all ordinary transactions as an individual. An artificial person. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04387a.htm Cursing In its popular acceptation cursing is often confounded, especially in the phrase "cursing and swearing", with the use of profane and insulting language; in canon law it sometimes signifies the ban of excommunication pronounced by the Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04573d.htm Carthusian Order, The The name is derived from the French chartreuse through the Latin cartusia, of which the English "charterhouse" is a corruption. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03388a.htm Cross, The True (1) Growth Of the Christian Cult; (2) Catholic Doctrine on the Veneration of the Cross; (3) Relics of the True Cross; (4) Principal Feasts of the Cross. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04529a.htm Catenæ Collections of excerpts from the writings of Biblical commentators, especially the Fathers and early ecclesiastical writers, strung together like the links of a chain, and in this way exhibiting a continuous and connected interpretation of a given text of Scripture. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03434a.htm Cassovia Diocese in Hungary, founded in 1804 by the division of the Diocese of Agria, in the archdiocese of the same name, and the Dioceses of Cassovia and Szatmar. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03407b.htm Cossa, Francesco Italian painter of the school of Ferrara, b. about 1430; d. probably at Ferrara, 1485. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04417a.htm Collado, Diego Sixteenth-century Spanish missionary. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04102a.htm Capaccio and Vallo Suffragan diocese of Salerno. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03307b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Tommaso Campanella In-depth article on the strange career of the Italian anti-Aristotelian Dominican writer. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03221b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope St. Cletus Says that "Cletus" is only another form of "Anacletus", briefly explains how the error of thinking the two names are two different popes came about, says that Cletus died in about 88. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04054a.htm Cassano all' Ionio Suffragan of Reggio. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03403c.htm Constitutions, Ecclesiastical In legal language the term constitutiones denotes only church ordinances, civil ordinances being termed leges, laws. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04320a.htm Crusade, Bull of the A Bull granting indulgences to those who took part in the wars against the infidels. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543b.htm Children of Mary The Sodality of Children of Mary Immaculate owes its origin to the manifestation of the Virgin Immaculate of the Miraculous Medal, on which the Church has placed a seal, by appointing the twenty-seventh of November as its feast. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03659d.htm Catholic Knights of America A fraternal life-insurance company chartered under the laws of the State of Kentucky, U.S.A. It was founded in Nashville, Tennessee by James J. McLoughlin, D.N. Burke, John Broderick, and John MeDonald. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03453b.htm Clerks Regular Those bodies of men in the Church who by the very nature of their institute unite the perfection of the religious state to the priestly office, i.e. who while being essentially clerics, devoted to the exercise of the ministry in preaching, the administration of the sacraments, the education of youth, and other spiritual and corporal works of mercy, are at the same time religious in the strictest sense of the word, professing solemn vows, and living a community life according to a rule solemnly approved of by the sovereign pontiff. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04051d.htm Costa Rica A narrow isthmus between Panama in the east and the Republic of Nicaragua in the north, the Caribbean Sea on the north-east and the Pacific Ocean on the south-west. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04417d.htm Charity, Sisters of, of St. Vincent de Paul A congregation of women with simple vows, founded in 1633 and devoted to corporal and spiritual works of mercy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03605a.htm Capefigue, Baptiste-Honoré-Raymond Historian, b. at Marseilles, 1802; d. at Paris, 22 December, 1872. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03307c.htm Chersonesus The name for both a titular see of Crete and a titular see of Thrace, and suffragan to Heracleia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03646b.htm Central Verein of North America, German Roman Catholic The origin dates back to 1854, in which year the presidents of three German Catholic benevolent societies of Buffalo, new York, issued a call to various German Catholic societies for the purpose for forming a central body. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03534a.htm Coquart, Claude-Godefroi Jesuit missionary and army chaplain. (1706-1765) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04354c.htm Capua Situated in the province of Caserta, Southern Italy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03319a.htm Chytri A titular see of Cyprus. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03766a.htm Cyme A titular see of Asia Minor. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04581c.htm Canons, Collections of Ancient Includes authority and methods. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03281a.htm Coffin, Robert Aston Ecclesiastical writer and bishop. (1819-1885) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04093c.htm Clement, Cæsar Date of birth uncertain; died at Brussels 28 Aug., 1626, great-nephew of Sir Thomas More's friend, Dr. John Clement. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04038a.htm Cosgrove, Henry Second Bishop of Davenport, Iowa. (1834-1906) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04403b.htm Codex Amiatinus Manuscript of the Latin Vulgate Bible, kept at Florence in the Bibliotheca Laurentiana. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04081a.htm Copernicus, Nicolaus Latinized form of Niclas Kopernik, the name of the founder of the heliocentric planetary theory; born at Torun (Thorn), 19 February, 1473, died at Frauenburg, 24 May, 1543. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04352b.htm Cuoq, André-Jean Philologist, b. at LePuy, France, 1821; d. at Oka near Montreal, 1898. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04569c.htm Cashel A town in the County Tipperary, Ireland, which is also a Catholic archbishopric and the see of a Protestant bishop. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03401a.htm Caquetá Apostolic prefecture situated in South America on the southern border of the Republic of Colombia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03328a.htm Cordara, Guilo Cesare Italian Jesuit historian. (1704-1785) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04358a.htm Craven, Augustus, Mrs. Writer, born 12 April, 1808, in London; died in Paris, 1 April, 1891. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04468b.htm Crown of Thorns Mentioned by three Evangelists and is often alluded to by the early Christian Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and others, but there are comparatively few writers of the first six centuries who speak of it as a relic known to be still in existence. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04540b.htm Casali, Giovanni Battista Musician, b. at Rome in 1715; d. there 1792. From 1759 until his death he held the position of choir-master in the church of St. John Lateran. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03396b.htm Christine of Stommeln, Blessed A visionary at a very early age, became a Beguine, d. 1312. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03724a.htm Contarini, Gasparo Venetian statesman and cardinal, born 16 October, 1483, of an ancient and noble family in Venice; died at Bologna, 24 August, 1542. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04323c.htm Conrad of Offida, Blessed Italian Franciscan, trusted by Brother Leo, on good terms with the Spiritual Franciscans, founded the Celestines but returned to the main branch of the Franciscans when a later pope suppressed the Celestines. Bl. Conrad died 12 December, 1306. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04260a.htm Courtenay, William Archbishop of Canterbury, born in the parish of St. Martin's, Exeter, England, c. 1342; died at Maidstone, 31 July, 1396. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04446a.htm Contemplation The idea of contemplation is connected with that of mystical theology. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04324b.htm Canons and Canonesses Regular According to St. Thomas Aquinas, a canon regular is essentially a religious cleric. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03288a.htm Caunus A titular see of Asia Minor. Kaunos was said to have been founded by Kaunos, son of Miletos and Kyane, on the southern coast of Caria, opposite Rhodes, and was known as Rhodian Peraea, at the foot of Mount Tarbelos. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03458c.htm Cistercians Religious of the Order of Cîteaux, a Benedictine reform, established at Cîteaux in 1098 by St. Robert, Abbot of Molesme in the Diocese of Langres, for the purpose of restoring as far as possible the literal observance of the Rule of St. Benedict. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03780c.htm Clement III, Pope Reigned 1187-1191. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04018a.htm Charterhouse From the fact that St. Bruno founded the first house of his austere order at Chartreux, near Grenoble, the institution has ever since been known by the name of that place. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03634a.htm Coussemaker, Charles-Edmond-Henride French historian of music, b. at Bailleul, department of Nord, France, 19 April, 1805; d. at Lille, 10 January, 1876. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04453b.htm Charity and Charities In its widest and highest sense, charity includes love of God as well as love of man. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03592a.htm Catherine de' Ricci, Saint Biography of the cloistered Third Order Dominican nun, mystic, who died in 1590. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03444a.htm Choir Church architecture term. Strictly speaking, the choir is that part of the church where the stalls of the clergy are. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03693a.htm Concepción Located in the Republic of Chile, suffragan to Santiago de Chile. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04190b.htm Calatrava, Military Order of Founded in Castile, in the twelfth century, as a military branch of the great Cistercian family. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03149d.htm Canons, Ecclesiastical Certain rules or norms of conduct or belief prescribed by the Church. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03287a.htm Clement VIII, Pope Reigned 1592-1605. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04027a.htm Concursus A special competitive examination prescribed in canon law for all aspirants to certain ecclesiastical offices to which is attached the cure of souls. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04208b.htm Caribs Next to the Arawaks, probably the most numerous Indian stock, of more or less nomadic habits, in South America. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03348a.htm Chambéry In 1467, in the ducal chapel built for the Holy Winding-Sheet (Santo Sudario) by Amadeus IX, duke of Savoy, and the Duchess Yolande of France, Paul II erected a chapter directly subject to the Holy See, and his successor Sixtus IV, united this chapter with the deanery of Savoy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03566c.htm Clovio, Giorgio Italian miniaturist, called by Vasari "the unique" and "little Michelangelo", b. at Grizani, on the coast of Croatia, in 1498; d. at Rome, 1578. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04069a.htm Christian Brothers of Ireland An institute founded at Waterford, Ireland, in 1802, by Edmund Ignatius Rice, a merchant of that city. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03710b.htm Contract The canonical and moralist doctrine on this subject is a development of that contained in the Roman civil law. In civil law, a contract is defined as the union of several persons in a coincident expression of will by which their legal relations are determined. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04332a.htm St. Canice Also called Kenny. Irish priest, monastic founder, missionary to Scotland, d. 600. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03250a.htm Couturier, Louis-Charles Abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Pierre at Solesmes and President of the French Congregation of Benedictines. (1817-1890) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04456a.htm Colima The city of Colima, the capital of the state of the same name in Mexico, is situated on the Colima River, at an altitude of 1400 feet, and was founded in the year 1522 by Gonzalo de Sandoval. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04100a.htm Caeremoniale Episcoporum A book containing the rites and ceremonies to be observed at Mass, Vespers, and other functions, by bishops and prelates of inferior rank, in metropolitan, cathedral, and collegiate churches. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03133a.htm Cotelier, Jean-Baptiste Patristic scholar and theologian, born December, 1629, at Nîmes; died 19 August, 1686. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04421b.htm Collectarium The book which contains the Collects. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04104a.htm Crispin of Viterbo, Saint Capuchin lay brother, d. 1750. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04491b.htm Cartier, Georges-Etienne French Canadian statesman, son of Jacques Cartier and Marguerite Paradis, b. at St. Antoine, on the Richelieu, 16 Sept., 1814; d. in London 20 May, 1873. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03392a.htm Clement of Ireland, Saint Also known as Clemens Scotus. Famed scholar and teacher of youth, died no earlier than 818. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04047a.htm Chatham The Diocese comprises the northern half of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada, i.e., the counties of Gloucester, Madawaska, Northumberland, Restigouche, Victoria, and the part of Kent north of the Richibucto River. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03642a.htm Pope St. Celestine I Excommunicated Nestorius, sent St. Patrick to Ireland, d. 432. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03477c.htm Coelchu Abbot of the School of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, who flourished during the latter half of the eighth century. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04092a.htm Chastellain, Georges Burgundian chronicler, born in the County of Alost, Flanders, in 1403; died at Valenciennes in 1475. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03637b.htm Canada, Catholicity in Treated under three headings: I. Period of French domination, from the discovery of Canada to the Treaty of Paris, in 1763; II. Period of British rule, from 1763 to the present day; III. Present conditions. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03231a.htm Celestine IV, Pope Reigned October-November 1241. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03479a.htm Chiapas The Diocese comprises almost the entire state of that name in the Republic of Mexico. San Cristobal Las Casas, formerly called Ciudad Real, is the episcopal seat, and is the principal city of the state. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03652b.htm Caracas Located in the Republic of Venezuela, a metropolitan see with the Barquisimeto, Calabozo, Guayana, Merida, and Zulia as suffragans. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03328d.htm Christopher, Pope Reigned 903-904. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03729a.htm Capreolus, John A theologian, born towards the end of the fourteenth century, (about 1380), in the diocese of Rodez, France; died in that city 6 April, 1444. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03314a.htm Copacavana A village on the shore of Lake Titicaca, province of Omasuyos, in northern Bolivia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04350d.htm Chardon, Mathias A learned French Benedictine of the Congregation of the Saint-Vannes, b. at Yvoi-Varignan in the present department of Ardennes, France, 22 September, 1695; d. at the monastery of St-Arnold in Metz, 21 October, 1771. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03588c.htm St. Colman Mac Lenine Founder and patron saint of the Diocese of Cloyne, poet, d. 601. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04115b.htm Congresses, Catholic Includes information on the history and types of congresses held. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04242a.htm Cuenca Diocese in Ecuador. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04562a.htm Camillus de Lellis, Saint Biographical article on founder of a religious order devoted to care of the sick and dying. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03217b.htm Conscience, Hendrik Flemish novelist, b. at Antwerp, 3 December, 1812; d. at Brussels, 10 September, 1883. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04273a.htm Caldara, Polidoro (da Caravaggio) Italian painter. (1492-1543) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03155a.htm Clerke, Ellen Mary Journalist and novelist, b. at Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, 1840; d. in London, 2 March 1906. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04051c.htm Callistus III, Pope Born near Valencia in Spain, 31 December, 1378; died at Rome, 6 August, 1458. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03187a.htm Ciasca, Agostino Italian Augustinian and cardinal. (1835-1902) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03766c.htm Chiusi-Pienza Suffragan of Siena. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03690b.htm Constantinople, Fourth Ecumenical Council of The Eighth General Council was opened, 5 October, 869, in the Cathedral of Saint Sophia, under the presidency of the legates of Adrian II. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04310b.htm Casium A titular see of Lower Egypt. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03402b.htm John Calvin Catholic Encyclopedia article on Calvin. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03195b.htm Chusai The Arachite, i.e. the native of Archi, a place south of the portion of Ephraim, near Bethel. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03765a.htm Caraites A Jewish sect professing to follow the text of the Bible (Miqra) to the exclusion of Rabbinical traditions, and hence opposed to the Talmud. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03329b.htm Constantine Africanus A medieval medical writer and teacher; born c. 1015; died c. 1087. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295b.htm Capuchinesses A branch of the Poor Clares of the Primitive Observance, instituted at Naples, in 1538, by the Venerable Maria Longo. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03320a.htm Caron, Raymond Franciscan friar and author, b. at Athlone, Ireland, in 1605; d. at Dublin, 1666. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03373a.htm Cardinal A dignitary of the Roman Church and counsellor of the pope. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03333b.htm Cleef, Martin van Flemish painter. (1520-1570) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04011a.htm Corcoran, James Andrew Theologian, editor, and Orientalist, b. at Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A., 30 March, 1820; d. at Philadelphia, 16 July, 1889. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04356b.htm Caballero y Ocio, Juan Priest, remarkable for lavish gifts to the Church and for charity. (1644-1707) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03125c.htm Cavazzi, Giovanni A